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You can;t do anything to prevent the growth of slums. Urbanisation is a worldwide phenomenon- people will continue to flock to cities to seek a new life. The slums need to be legitamized and infrastructure laid out so that the slums can contribute to the economy of the city. Slum clearance schemes have never worked and only serve to displace
To reduce it a bit you ensure better prices and conditions in the rural areas.
No. Many economic and political decisions are decided in Washington D.C.- in the IMF and World Bank hqs. Brazil is South America's most powerful nation and its power centres are as far from the Andes as you can get.