USA has 50 plus 1 federal district
Brazil 26 states plus 1 federal district
India 28 plus 7 union territories
Australia 6 plus 2 territories
Germany 16 states
there may be other nations that call their divisions "states" but that is what I can remember.
You can get more details at these 2 sites, including what the divisions are called (like states, provinces, departments, etc) and their names.
http://www.statoids.com/
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/