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1) Because vegans don't consume animal products (like dairy) make sure you're consuming and adequate amount of calcium fortified foods (such as orange juice,soymilk, rice milk) and calcium containing foods (figs, calcium set tofu, low oxalate vegetables [bok choy, broccoli, collard greens, kale, okra, turnip greens], soybeans, and tempeh).
2) Also, look for foods fortified with vitamin D (beverages like soymilk and products like cereals). If you live where you can spend some time outside in the sun, try to do so at least 15 minutes a couple times a week.
3) Because healthy fats (polyunsaturated, omega 3's, and monounsatured) are an essential part of a well rounded diet be sure to include nuts (like walnuts), flaxseed oil and ground flax, legumes, olive and canola oil.
4) Make sure you're getting the B12 that you need. B12 is needed to produce new cells, like red blood cells. If you're not eating fortified foods look into getting a B12 shot. B12 sources: Soy milk products (0.8 to 3.2 mcg/cup), Meat analogs (0.5 to 1.2 mcg/ounce), Ready-to-eat cereals (0.6 to 6.0 mcg/ounce), Nutritional yeast (1.5 mcg/tablespoon).
5) Iron is another nutrient of concern for vegans. Consumer legumes and enriched cereal grains with a source of vitamin C (such as citrus fruits) to aid in absorption of the iron contained in those foods. Other sources of iron include pumpkin and squash seeds, dried fruit, and potato skins.
6) Lastly, as with vegetarians, make sure you understand the principles of food combinations to ensure you are getting an adequate amount of protein.
Eat these foods together to make a "complete" protein:
-grains with legumes (i.e. beans and rice)
-nuts/seeds with legumes
-corn with legumes