✔ 最佳答案
[widely]的確是修飾[used], 這點大家都有共識.
對於初學者, 只要把"被動語態"的公式[be+pp+by]練熟就行了. 版主會問這個題目, 應該是要學習較為進階的觀念. 就此而言, 平湖客大的說法是對的.
一般人都習慣稱"動詞三態", 其實並不正確. 分詞並不是"動詞(verb)", 而是"動狀詞(verbal)". 它是表達"狀態", 而不是"動作".
[be+pp]其實有兩種含意: "被動"與"完成".
"被動"的重點在"動作發生的方式(過程)"(A)
"完成"的重點在"已經發生的動作所產生的狀態(結果)"(B)
以版主的[used]來說,
This room is rarely used by customers. (A)(被使用)
I don't want this one because it is used. (B)(使用過的)
He is very used to the weather here. (B)(處於某種習慣中的)
就此而言,
This language is widely used (by people) in the world.
句子其實是省略了[by people], 因此偏向(A).
再舉一些例子:
This project will be finished by two teams. (A)(被完成)
Are you finished with your meal? (B)(吃完了的)
She was surprised by his act. (A)
She was so surprised at the news. (B)
Spring is come. (B)
I am so amused. (B)
另外,
1. (B)用法常用其他的介系詞[at, in, with, ect.], 而非[by].
2. (B)用法常可以把[be]改為其他的連綴動詞, 而句意不會改變太大.
I am/feel so interested in the book.
The book is/looks/seems used.
3. (B)用法有時可以把[be]改為[have](完成式含意)
Spring is/has come.
其實不一定非得要分辨[pp]的詞性, 重點是要會使用.
如果真的要分, 應該根據句意來判斷.
The man is called Peter.
[Peter]在此是"主詞補語", 可以把它看成[He is Peter.]
2009-01-14 22:43:07 補充：
所以
(A)用法中, pp是構成"動詞組"的一部分, 而
(B)用法中, pp可以看成是形容詞.
2009-01-16 21:44:02 補充：
動詞詞組＝助動詞+動詞或分詞嗎？
Yes.
He [is watching] TV.
He [can do] this.
[......]這樣的組合叫動詞詞組.
