英文文法難題---”influence”與”effect”

"influence" and "effect" (當用作noun) 兩個字雖然有其個別不同的意思, 但其實都有其相同之處.
"effect"係指效果,效力;作用;影響; (法律的)效力,產生效力. 所提及有影響力的subject通常係指死物 (而不是人), 例如一件事, 一個方法, 一個過程, 一件物件/成份…等. 所以例句中的 “divorce, farming practices, drug, ingredient, system failure, painkiller” 全部都用"effect".
而"influence" 主要係指行為上, 思想上的影響, 所以渉及的層面可以係政治, 宗教, 教育, 道徳 …等. 如果需要形容「人的影響力」, 就通常用"influence". 所以例句中的 ”man, unions, religious sect, council, they” 全部都用 "influence" (當中由人所組成的機構或者組織都看成係「人」就會較易記啦!)
但當要表達「受到藥物或酒精的影響」時, "influence" and "effect" 兩個字都合用, 這個就是它們相同之處.
...................................................................................................
Influence (noun) 影響力;勢力
There is no doubt that Bohr's influence was immense. (富影響力的人)
Mr. Smith is a man of influence in this town. (有權勢的人物)
influence on/over
the unions' influence over local politics
under somebody's influence/under the influence of somebody/something
They had come under the influence of a strange religious sect.
have/exert/exercise influence
The Council had influence over many government decisions.
They were accused of exerting undue influence (= too much influence) on voters.
under the influence (of alcohol/drink/drugs etc)
drunk or feeling the effects of a drug
....................................................................................................


Effect (noun) 效果,效力;作用;影響; (法律的)效力,產生效力
effect on
My parents' divorce had a big effect on me. (離婚)
effect of
the harmful effects of modern farming practices (現代耕種方式)
the long-term effects of the drug (藥物)
I could feel the effects of the thin mountain air. (高山上稀薄空氣)
This ingredient also has the effect of making your skin look younger. (成份有令皮膚變得更年青的效力)
A system failure has a knock-on effect throughout the whole hotel. (糸統失敗)
A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce the desired effect. (止痛劑發揮預期效果)
In mental illness, there is a complex relationship between cause and effect. (cause and effect relationship 因果關係)



圖片參考：http://tw.yimg.com/i/tw/ugc/rte/smiley_1.gif
peace

2009-01-12 01:44:38 補充：
回答繼續

當"influence" and "effect" 用作 verb, 兩個字的意思分別就較大. 但係兩個字的subject都可以係人或者物 (例句中weather)

Influence 影響,感化;左右 e.g.
I don't want to influence you. You must decide for yourself.
Does the weather influence your travel decisions?
The bad weather influences my mood.

2009-01-12 01:45:11 補充：
Effect

1. 造成;產生;招致
Rose tried to effect a reconciliation.
羅絲試圖進行調解。

2. 實現,達到(目的)
He effected several important changes.
他完成了幾項重要的改革。

2009-01-12 01:45:45 補充：
參考資料

http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/influence_1
http://hk.dictionary.yahoo.com/search.html?q=1&s=influence&Submit=+%ACd%A6r+
http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/effect_1
http://hk.dictionary.yahoo.com/search.html?q=1&s=effect
http://www.travelblog.org/Forum/Threads/9590-1.html

2009-01-13 03:46:45 補充：
經過反覆的思考和參考例證, 讓我再次整理我對”effect” &"influence"的理解.

在以下的例子中, 雖然两句的subject (medical blunder) 相同, 但分別用”effect” & "influence", 希望可以更清楚指出两者的分別:

2009-01-13 03:47:39 補充：
Example:

一次醫療失誤對受害病人可以引起生理及心理上的影響.
A medical blunder can cause physiological and psychological effect on the victimized patient.

(這句子用" effect "因為這裏針對指medical blunder在生理及心理上的影響.)

2009-01-13 03:48:23 補充：
Example:

多次醫療失誤大大影響了公衆對醫療服務水準的信心.
Repeated medical blunders greatly influence public confidence in the standard of medical service

(這句子用"influence", 因為這裏針對指medical blunder如何影響公衆人士的想法.)

2009-01-13 03:49:28 補充：
所以, 當要指出medical blunder不同方面的影響, 就需要用不同的字.’