水壓”波子聲”如何解決？

Noise is accepted as one of the factors to be considered in the design and installation of building services. The origins of the noise in the appliances, equipment and fittings may be summarized as follows:
(1) Flow noise
• Turbulent conditions
• Separation at corners and bends
• Cavitation, water hammer, splashing from terminal fittings
• Air bubbles in piping
(2) Mechanical noise
• Flushing mechanisms
• Pump noise
• Vibrations, rattling induced by fluid flow
(3) Temperature effects
• Noise due to expansion or contraction of pipework
• Bubbling, steam formation and collapse

Prevention of noise
The solution to noise control problems generally involves three components:
the noise source, the receiver, and the pathway between the two. The
following methods could be used to prevent and reduce noise:
(1) Planning considerations
• Separate noise source from quiet areas
• Group noise sources together
• Locate noisy equipment in basements
(2) Constructional considerations
• Openings around pipes and walls/floors to be sealed
• Use vibration isolators
• Use heavy wall construction if possible
(3) Noise source
• Use equipment with quiet operation
• Limit the pump speed
• Prevent flow noise by proper design of piping
(4) Design of the system
• Avoid excessive water velocity (lower than 3 m/s)
• Use pressure reducing valves to limit system pressure


噪音是接受的因素之一是考慮在設計和安裝建設服務。起源的噪聲設備及配件可歸納如下：
（ 1 ）流動噪聲
•Turbulent條件
•在彎道和急彎
•蝕，水錘，splashing終端設備
•氣泡管道
（ 2 ）機械噪聲
•沖厠聲
•泵噪聲
•泵噪聲振動，rattling 減少由流體流動
（ 3 ）溫度影響
•噪音由於擴張或收縮的管道
•鼓泡，蒸汽的形成和崩潰

防止聲音方法
解決噪聲控制問題，通常包括三個部分：噪聲源，接收器，以及兩點之間的通路。下列方法可用於防止和減少噪聲：
（ 1 ）規劃考慮
•獨立的噪聲源，從安靜的地區
•組噪聲源一起
•找出噪音設備在地下室
（ 2 ）施工因素
•開口周圍管道和牆壁/層密封
•使用振動隔離器
•使用重型施工如果可能的話
（ 3 ）噪聲源
•使用設備操作安靜
•限制泵速度
•防止流動噪聲通過適當的管道設計
（ 4 ）系統設計
•避免過多的水流速（低於3米/秒）
•使用減壓閥限制系統壓力

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