Cash flow indirect form 做法的含意

cash flow statement分為三部分: operating、investing、financing. 三個必須順序寫. 主要目的是分析三個範疇中的現金流及其表現. 如果operating已經出現負數, 那代表公司operating賺錢能力已經出現問題, 將來能否賺取現金流是一大問題.
計cash flow from operating activities方面, 先找profit before tax, 之後加non-cash/non-operating (出現在profit before tax前) expenses(e.g.: loss on disposal, depreciation, /- in prov. for bad debts, interest paid...), 及減non-cash/non-operating (出現在profit before tax前) revenue (e.g.: dividend received, decrease in prov. for bad debts, profit on disposal...)
之後會計到operating profit before working capital changes. 然後加increase in stock/debtors/operating expenses prepaid及decrease in creditors/operating expenses accrued, 相反是減. 至於點解increase in creditors係加, 原因係暗示你向多左creditors賒貨, 比少左錢.
之後計到Cash generated from operations. 然後減interest paid和tax paid. 最後計到Net cash from (used in) operating activities.
之後做Cash flows from investing activities. 收錢就加, 比錢就減. 呢部分主要入payments to acquire fixed tangible asset/long-term investment, increase in bank time-deposit, interest received, dividend received, proceeds from disposal. 之後計Net cash from (used in) investing activities. 至於以上點解入investing activities, 係因為fixed-asset係長遠幫你賺取收入的長期投資. Time-deposit所賺的息是投資一種. Dividend received係你買人地股票(投資)賺到的錢.
最後是做Cash flows from financing activities. 收錢就加, 比錢就減, 包括: 發行股票/債券收到的錢、借錢、還錢、股票/債券贖回、發行股票的支出、repayment of finance lease. 之後計Net cash from (used in) financing activities.
三樣activies總數加埋就係Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivelants. 之後加上年的Cash & cash equivelants. 兩者總和就是今年的cash and cash equivelant.
總結: cash flow入面, 比錢係減, 收錢係加. Operating入面, 所以出現在profit before tax的non-cash/non-operating expenses要加. 任何關於operating的流動資產的上升, 及關於operating的負債下降係要起operating activities到減. 計你要比/收幾多係用cash basis計, 所有部分數係唔可以從income statement及balance sheet直抄.