basically, 鼻敏感 is hay fever = one type of allergy(type I immediate hypersensitivity), which is caused by some environment agents such as dust, pollens and food (antigen) get into body and interact with immune system . All of these actions cause the production of some chemical mediators such as histamine, chemokines and the other inflammatory mediators. They can cause the excess secretion of mucus and irritation of nose. As a consequence, it lead to block nose and sneeze.
there are few types of treatment for this, but some of it are for releasing the symptom, for example, they can treat block nose, sneeze.
Anti-histamine:
eg: chlorpheniramine (u can buy it anywhere )
it is a histamine 1 blocker, it inhibit the binding of histamine to histamine receptor and prevent the excess secretion of mucus, bronchial inflammation.
Directly Sympathomimetics :
eg phenylephrine hydrochloride (GSL medicine)
It is a Alpha 1 receptor agonist, it directly bind to the
alpha 1 receptor and causes vasoconstriction. These constricted blood vessel inhibit fluid enter the nose and throat. As a result, it decrease the secretion of mucous.
indirectly Sympathomimetics :
eg. ephedrine
It uptake by uptake 1, then take up to vesicles by vesicular monamine
transporter for replacing noradrenaline and it exocytosis and bind to adrenaoceptor on post-synaptic membrance.
As a consequence, it causes the same mechanism of phenylephrine hydrochloride.
Corticosteroids:
eg: Beclometasone, fluticasone
It is a anti-inflammatory therapy, it inhibit the secretion of inflammatory mediators by interfere gene transcription and protein synthesis. As Corticosteroids is a hydrophobic, it can cross the cell membrane and nuclear membrane, then bind to DNA and inhibit DNA and prevent the production of any inflammatory mediators.
參考: British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, (2007), British National Formulary March 2007, UK: BMJ Publishing Group LTD and RPS Publishing 2006 Rang H.P, Dale M.M, Ritter J.M, Flower R.J, (2003), Rang and Dale's Pharmacology Sixth edition, London: Churchill Livingsto
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