element既electron問題 10分

Consider the main group (Group I to Group 0) elements.
In chemical reactions, the electrons in the shell next to the outermost shell cannot be removed.
For example, in chemical reactions, only the electron in the outermost shell of Na atom can be removed to form Na+ ion.
考慮主族（第 I 族至第 0 族）元素。
在化學反應中，最外層對內一層的電子不可被移除。
例如，在化學反應中，Na 原子只有最外層的一粒電子可以被移除，形成 Na+ 離子。

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Consider some of the transition elements.
In chemical reactions, the electrons in the shell next to the outermost shell can be removed.
For example, the electron arrangement of Cu is 2, 8, 18, 1.
When Cu is converted to Cu2+, 1 electron in the 4th shell and 1 electron in the 3rd shell are removed.
考慮某些過渡元素。
在反學反應中，最外層對內一層的電子可被移除。
例如，Cu 的電子排佈是 2, 8, 18, 1。
當 Cu 轉化成 Cu2+，由第四層移除一粒電子，由第三層移除一粒電子。

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When gaseous atoms are bombarded by fast electrons, all electrons of the gaseous atoms can be removed.
The process is not chemical reaction.
For examples, when gaseous Na atoms are bombarded by fast electrons, all the 11 electrons of Na atom can be removed.
Energy needed to remove the 1st electron (in the 3rd shell) = 496 kJ/mol
Energy needed to remove the 2nd electron (in the 2nd shell) = 6562 kJ/mol ......
以高速電子撞擊氣態原子，可移除氣態原子的所有電子。
但這過程並不是化學反應。
例如：以高速電子撞擊氣態 Na 原子，可以移除 Na 原子的全部 11 粒電子。
移除第一粒電子（第三層）所需的能量 = 496 kJ/mol
移除第二粒電子（第二層）所需的能量 = 6562 kJ/mol ......
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