✔ 最佳答案
Symphony n.41 K.551 ‘Jupiter’ in C major was written in summer 1788. It is one of the most beautiful, brilliant, powerful demonstrations of Mozart’s genius and his rational faith in enlightment; and it’s his last symphony.
The score has:
1 flute; 2 oboes; 2 trumpets (not used in 2nd mov); 2 bassoons; 2 horns; drums; strings.
The reference edition I am quoting is the following, lasting about 8 minutes:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noAPeUlOjfc&feature=related
The first tempo ‘Allegro vivace’, in sonata form, starts out without an introduction. A net, powerful shot by the whole orchestra in 1st bar determines the atmosphere, followed by an ascending phrase by violins. This happens twice. On the ‘forte’ of the whole orchestra, drums are supporting strings. The development of first theme is immediate, even before the second one is exposed; the ripresa of first theme is exposed by flute and clarinets, for the variation. Beethoven and particularly Brahms (listen to his 1st piano concerto, 1st mov) reapplied this clever technique. The initial episode lasts about 1’30”.
The second theme is light and enjoyable, exposed by violin, then by bassoon and other woodwinds and contended between violins and flute (twice), then a sharp pause (2’10”) and all the orchestra jumps in dramatically. The episode closes at about 2’40” with strings and bassoons.
At this point, the real development section starts, with modulations introduced by oboes; bridges to come back to tonality are led by strings in fugato form (up until 4’). The ripresa of the first theme is exposed by horns, then oboes and a new dramatic full orchestra entry takes place at 4’30”, with new development. Strings and winds nearly in trio-way lead to a ‘da capo’ and a new repsonse, this time in minor. At 5’45”, the finale comes, in bright assertive form.
He chose those intruments because it was his traditional structure for symphonies; the (extraordinary) way he blended them is impossible to explain. He was Mozart.