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What did Hubble conclude when he noted that light emitted from stars is shifting toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum?
A. The universe is expanding.
B. The universe is contracting.
C. The temperature of stars in increasing.
D. The temperature of stars is decreasing.

2. Compared to Earth, Jupiter
A. is much smaller.
B. has no moon.
C. rotates more quickly.
D. has a lower internal pressure.

3. The fact that the position of the constellations seems to change throughout the year is evidence that
A. Earth is rotating.
B. Earth is revolving.
C. the sun is rotating.
D. the sun is revolving.

4. What early astronomer discovered why planets stay in their orbits?
A. Newton
B. Galilei
C. Copernicus
D. Kepler

5. Of the following stars, which one is the brightest?
A. Nova
B. Main-sequence
C. White dwarf
D. Red giant

6. As the moon moves around Earth, a person on Earth doesn't always see the fully lit side of the moon. This phenomenon causes
A. eclipses of the moon.
B. phases of the moon.
C. an increase in apogee.
D. an increase in perigee.

7. Which one of the following planets would you expect to have a rocky crust and a dense core?
A. Jupiter
B. Saturn
C. Neptune
D. Venus

8. One way in which scientists can determine the surface temperature of a star is by its
A. brightness.
B. composition.
C. color.
D. mass.

9. Cracks in the moon's bedrock are called
A. highlands.
B. rilles.
C. maris.
D. umbra.

10. The asteroid belt is located between the orbits of
A. Earth and Mars.
B. Jupiter and Saturn.
C. Mars and Jupiter.
D. Saturn and Uranus.

11. Why do astronomers use light-years to measure distances in space?
A. The movement of the stars makes it impossible to measure in Earth units.
B. The speed of light is slow enough to provide accurate measurements.
C. Equipment isn't sophisticated enough to measure any other way.
D. The distances are too great to measure in Earth units.

12. What happens during a lunar eclipse?
A. Earth's shadow falls on the moon.
B. The moon's shadow falls on Earth.
C. Earth moves out of the plane of the moon-sun orbit.
D. The moon moves out of the plane of the Earth-sun orbit.