long jump 的介紹( 15 點 )!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The long jump is an athletics (track and field) event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt to leap as far from the take-off point as possible.
Competitors sprint down a runway (usually coated with the same rubberized surface as running tracks, crumb rubber or vulcanized rubber) and jump as far as they can from behind a foul line (commonly referred to as the "board", and usually defined by the trailing edge of a takeoff board embedded flush with the runway surface, or a painted mark on the runway) into a pit filled with finely ground gravel or sand. The distance traveled by a jumper is often referred to as the “mark” because it is the distance to the nearest mark made in the sand from the foul line. If the competitor starts the leap with any part of the foot past the foul line, the jump is declared illegal and no distance is recorded. At the elite level, a layer of plasticine is placed immediately after the board to detect this occurrence. Otherwise, an official (similar to a referee) will observe the jump and make the determination. The competitor can initiate the jump from any point behind the foul line; however, the distance measured will always be from the foul line. Therefore, it is in the best interest of the competitor to get as close to the foul line as possible.

2008-11-16 15:52:24 補充：
跳遠（曾稱為急行跳遠）是一種田徑運動之中的田賽項目之一，亦是男子十項全能及女子七項全能比賽中的其中一個項目。
跳遠的動作主要由四部份組成，包括助跑、起跳、空中動作、著地，在乎合規則的情況下，所測量的成績越遠便越好，而四個動作部份均會影響跳遠時的距離。而除了容許助跑的急行跳遠外，尚有立定跳遠和三級跳兩種跳遠的比賽模式。