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水的循環
地球氣候的最重要特性之一,便是水分被適量地傳送和分布,這包括它在固態、液態和氣態之間的經常性變換。
「水,驅動了自然」,達文西曾感念地如此說道。因他深知水這個大自然的恩賜,在受到大氣溫、壓變化所驅動的同時,應允了生命的存在。
大氣中的水汽是來自於江、河、湖、海及潮濕的物體表面和植物葉面的蒸發作用;並經由空氣的運動,將水汽輸送到較高的大氣層中。
通常大氣中的水汽主要集中在地面附近,在1.5~2公里的高度上即減少為地面的一半;在5公里高度,減少為地面的1/10;再向上含量就更少了。但在某些情況下,也有水汽含量隨氣層高度升高而增大的情形。
大氣中的水汽含量隨緯度和時間也有變化,一般來說,緯度愈高,水汽含量愈少 ; 夏季的水汽含量大於冬季。大氣中的水汽含量雖不多,但它是天氣變化中的.一個重要角色,也是人氣中唯一能發生相變的成分。水汽的相變引起了雲、霧、雨、雪等一系列的天氣現象。
Circulation of water
One of the most important characteristics of climate of the earth, it is the moisture that is conveys and is distributed in right amount, this includes its regular variety between solid state, liquid state and gaseous state.
' water, has urged naturally ', Da Vinci has said so remembering with gratitude. Because he knows very well the favor of water and this nature, while driving by the great temperature, change of pressing, have assented the existence of the life.
The steam in the atmosphere is coming from the river, river, lake, sea, moist surface of object and evaporation function of the plant leave; And via the sports of the air, deliver the steam to higher atmosphere.
The steam usually in the atmosphere is mainly centred in near the ground, reduce on the height of 1.5 kilometers for half on the ground promptly; In height of 5 kilometers, reduce as 1/10 of the ground; More upward content is less. But in some cases, there is steam content that highly raises the situation increased with the gas-bearing formation.
The steam content in the atmosphere changes with latitude and time, generally speaking, the higher the latitude is, the less steam content is ; The steam content in summer is greater than in winter. There is little although steam content in the atmosphere, but it is a changing important role of weather, the composition changed in the popularity can only take place too. Steam has been turned into causing a series of weather phenomenon such as the cloud, fog, rain, snow.
圖片參考:
http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~s1sci/R_S1Science/sp/ch/syllabus/unit5/images/watercycle2-C.gif
圖片參考:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Water_cycle_zh.png/400px-Water_cycle_zh.png
水的循環