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Q:發電機可以將動能轉換為電能?
The main components of an electric generator are a rotating coil and a magnet. When the coil is made to revolve inside the magnetic field produced by the magnet (either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet), the coil cuts the magnetic lines of force. Such 'cutting of field lines' produces a force (called Lorentz force) that pushes free electrons in the coil to flow. This phenomenon is 'electromagnetic induction'. If the generator is connected to an external circuit. The flow of electrons constitute an electric current.
In a power plant, the turning of the coil in the generator can be achieved by many ways. The most simple way is to turn it with a diesel engine. This is mostly used in very small power stations.
In ordinary power plants, the generator is turned by a gas turbine, which derives its power from very hot steam produced from a boiler where water is heated using conventional fuels (petrol or coal or natural gas), or using nuclear reaction (in nuclear power plants, the nuclear fuel is usually enriched uranium).
The turbine driving the generator can also be turned by fast flowing water in a river, which is what happens in a hydroelectric power station.
You may refer to the following web-page, which gives a very good animation of how an electric generator works:
http://www.wvic.com/how-gen-works.htm