可否幫我譯了以下的文字...thz~ ^_^

2008-10-14 11:21 pm
In the presence of more than two political parties, a majority of voters may be split between two candidates with similar platforms (see vote splitting above). This would result in the selection of what is, from a majority point of view, the third best choice as the winner. For example, in a three party system, if 60% of a population favors "viewpoint A" and there are two candidates who support "viewpoint A" it is likely that each will receive about 30% of the vote, with the remaining party receiving 40%. This simplified example can be extrapolated to the results of any electoral process with more than two choices and any number of issues, with the result that the winner will actually be opposed to the majority and this multiparty electoral process will therefore be invalid.
A two party system is the natural tendency of any electoral system for the reasons described above. Even in elections where more than one winner is allowed, i.e. proportional representation, politicians will naturally begin to include positions that will bring them a larger portion of votes. A party system thereby developed which will tend toward a two party system. The framework of a government may provide safeguards against this, however the efficacy of these safeguards is questionable for reasons including their own susceptibility to the political forces previously mentioned.
The platforms of both parties include mostly middle-of-the-road type policies and opinions, due to the desire to identify with a majority of voters, and this may contribute to a stability in government policies.

回答 (1)

2008-10-15 11:56 pm
✔ 最佳答案
在超過二個政黨面前,大多數選民也許被分裂在二名候選人之間與相似的平臺(请看表決分裂上述)。 這導致什麼的選擇是,從多數人觀點,第三個佳選擇作為優勝者。 例如,在一個三方系統,如果60%人口傾向" 觀點A" 並且有支持"的二名候選人; 觀點A" 它是可能的其中每一將接受大約30%表決,当剩餘的黨接受40%。 這個被簡化的例子可以被外推到所有選舉程序的結果與超過二個選擇和任何數量的問題,與結果優勝者實際上將被反對多數人因此,並且這個多黨的選舉程序將是無效的。
一個雙方系統是所有選舉系統自然傾向為被描述的原因上面。 在競選,超過一個優勝者允許,即比例代表制,政客將自然地開始包括將帶來他們表決的一個更大的部分的位置。 將趨向往一個雙方系統的黨系統從而開發了。 政府的框架也許提供預防此,然而這些保障效力為原因是可疑的包括他們自己的感受性對以前被提及的政治力量。
兩個黨平臺包括主要中間路線類型政策,並且觀點,由於慾望辨認與選民和此的大多數在政府政策也許造成穩定。


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