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History :
The first lighter was invented by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1823.
It accelerated during the first World War. Soldiers used matches to find their way in the dark, but the intense initial flare of matches gave away their position, alot of lives were lost . So the need for fire without a large initial flare was born. Inventors started improving the design of lighters when the war ended, they were able to be produced fast, easier and cheaper
Operation:
A spark is created by striking metal against a flint, In naphtha lighters the liquid is volatile enough that flammable gas is present as soon as the top of the lighter is opened. Butane lighters combine the striking action with the opening of the valve to release gas. The spark ignites the flammable gas causing a flame to come out of the lighter
Theory :
Lighters using a wick which is immersed in the fluid and becomes saturated. This type usually has a fiber packing material which absorbs the liquid to keep it from leaking. They also must have an enclosed top to prevent the volatile liquid from evaporating, and to conveniently extinguish the flame. Butane lighters have a valved orifice that meters the butane as it escapes as a gas.
A metal enclosure with air holes generally surrounds the flame, and is designed to allow mixing of fuel and air while making the lighter less sensitive to wind. The high energy jet in butane lighters allows mixing to be accomplished by using Bernoulli's principle, so that the air hole(s) in this type tend to be much smaller and farther from the flame. In a plastic butane lighter this metal enclosure also regulates the distance from the valve to the beginning of the flame. If the flame is too close to the valve, there is a risk of the flame melting some, most, or all of the plastic components of the lighter which are in close proximity to the valve.
Safety :
As matches, lighters, and other heat sources are the leading causes of fire deaths for children.