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The Monument to the Discoveries was built in 1960 by the order of dictator Salazar, to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the death of Henry the Navigator. The monument is 50 meters in height, and is standing at the estuary of River Targus. It is carved into the shape of the prow of a ship, and Henry is standing at the prow holding a small caravel, followed by the statues of other famous explorers and heroes from the 15th to 16th century. Such as Bartolomeu Dias, the first person who crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1498; Ferdinand Magellan, the first person who crossed the Pacific Ocean in 1521; and Pedro Alvares Cabral, the first person who discovered Brazil.

Portugal was the first country on the Iberian Peninsula which became independent of Moors, and because of that, the Portuguese able to begin their conquest of the world 50 years earlier than their Spanish neighbor and played a significant role at the maritime exploration. The sailors of Portuguese had started a new era on human history by exploring around the world. At the beginning16th century, the Portuguese empire had extended their dominion as far as East Indian. Christianity and the concepts of science were widely spread out to the world during the expedition of the Portuguese, as well as by the other conquerors from Spain, Netherlands, Britain and France in the later days. However, this usually was not done in peace, violence and slavery were often involved.