工業革命!!快!!15點

第四章　工業革命與法國大革命

教學目標

單元目標
具體目標

說明工業革命的基礎來由
1-1 認識十二至十八世紀歐洲的改變情形

說明英國工業革命成功的原因
2-1 了解英國政府政策促進工業革命成功

2-2 了解英國農業技術改良與土地集中促成工業革命發展成功

2-3 了解英國天然資源豐富與海外殖民地眾多，為發展工業提供良好基礎

2-4 認識紡織機械與工業動力的改良讓工業革命發展更快速

2-5 認識政府、土地貴族與資產階級在推動工業革命中扮演的角色

說明工業革命帶動工業化的情形
3-1 認識工業革命對英國國力的影響

3-2 了解英國工業革命影響全世界工業化的推展




一、工業革命的基礎

工業革命的形成是諸多條件同時匯集的結果，包括：資本主義、農業革命、地理大發現帶來的新航路與海外殖民地、列國制度的形成、新教徒的精神、重商主義的興起、科學與人文思想的突破。

The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The changes subsequently spread throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. A process that continues as industrialisation. The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human society; almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. In the later part of the 1700s there occurred a transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual-labour-based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity.[2] The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world. The impact of this change on society was enormous.[3]

The First Industrial Revolution, which began in the eighteenth century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the nineteenth century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation.