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The history of the alphabet starts in ancient Egypt before 2700 BC. Originally it had 22 hieroglyphs to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel (or no vowel) to be supplied by the native speaker. These glyphs were used as pronunciation guides for to write grammatical inflections, and, later, to transcribe loan words and foreign names.
The western variant of the early Greek alphabet used between the 8th to 5th centuries BC. Then it had been carried over to the Italian peninsula, where it gave rise to a variety of alphabets used to inscribe the Italic languages. . One of these became the Latin alphabet, which was spread across Europe as the Romans expanded their empire. Even after the fall of the Roman state, the alphabet survived in intellectual and religious works. It eventually became used for the descendant languages of Latin, and then for the other languages of Europe .
The language rules set up by the Greeks formed the earliest grammar rules which determine the spelling, grammar and pronunciation.