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Sonata: a solo (sometimes played by 2 musicians) instrumental piece, usually 3/4 movements
examples: Beethoven's Moonlight, Beethoven's Pathetique, Mozart's K545
Concerto: a solo musician accompanied by orchestra, usually 3 movements
examples: Rachmaninoff's 2nd, Tchaikovsky's 1st, Bethoven's Emperor Concerto
Church music: music for religious use
examples: Vivaldi's Gloria, JS Bach's St Matthew Passion, Mozart's Requiem