People who have insomnia do not start the day refreshed from a good night's sleep. They are tired. They may have difficulty falling asleep, and commonly lie in bed tossing and turning for hours. Or the individual may go to sleep without a problem but wakes in the early hours of the morning and is either unable to go back to sleep, or drifts into a restless unsatisfying sleep. This is a common symptom in the elderly and in those suffering from depression. Sometimes sleep patterns are reversed, and the individual has difficulty staying awake during the day and takes frequent naps. The sleep at night is fitful and frequently interrupted.
Insomnia is more common in women and older adults. People who are divorced, widowed, or separated are more likely to have the problem than those who are married, and it is more frequently reported by those of lower socioeconomic status. Short-term, or transient, insomnia is a common occurrence and usually lasts only a few days. Long-term, or chronic, insomnia lasts more than three weeks and increases the risk for injuries in the home, at the workplace, and while driving because of daytime sleepiness and decreased concentration. Chronic insomnia can also lead to mood disorders like depression.
Transient insomnia is often caused by a temporary situation in a person's life, such as an argument with a loved one, a brief medical illness, or jet lag. When the situation is resolved or the precipitating factor disappears, the condition goes away, usually without medical treatment.
Chronic insomnia usually has different causes, and there may be more than one. These include:
a medical condition or its treatment, including sleep apnea
use of substances such as caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
psychiatric conditions such as mood or anxiety disorders
stress, such as sadness caused by the loss of a loved one or a job
disturbed sleep cycles caused by a change in work shift
sleep-disordered breathing, such as snoring
periodic jerky leg movements (nocturnal myoclonus), which happen just as the individual is falling asleep
repeated nightmares or panic attacks during sleep
Another cause is excessive worrying about whether or not a person will be able to go to sleep, which creates so much anxiety that the individual's bedtime rituals and behavior actually trigger insomnia. The more one worries about falling asleep, the harder it becomes. This is called psychophysiological insomnia.
Treatment of insomnia includes alleviating any physical and emotional problems that are contributing to the condition, and exploring changes in lifestyle that will improve the situation.
Medications given for insomnia include sedatives, tranquilizers, and antianxiety drugs. All require a doctor's prescription and may become habit-forming. They can lose effectiveness over time and can reduce alertness during the day. The medications should be taken two to four times daily for approximately three to four weeks, though this will vary with the physician and patient. If the insomnia is related to depression, then an antidepressant medication may be helpful. Over-the-counter drugs such as antihistamines are not very effective in bringing about sleep, and can affect the quality of sleep.
Patients can make changes in their daily routine that are simple and effective in treating their insomnia. They should go to bed only when sleepy and use the bedroom only for sleep. Other activities like reading, watching television, or snacking should take place somewhere else. If they are unable to go to sleep, they should go into another room and do something that is relaxing, like reading. Watching television should be avoided because it has an arousing effect. The person should return to bed only when they feel sleepy. Patients should set the alarm and get up every morning at the same time, no matter how much they have slept, to establish a regular sleep-wake pattern. Naps during the day should be avoided, but if absolutely necessary, then a 30-minute nap early in the afternoon may not interfere with sleep at night.
Another successful technique is called sleep-restriction therapy, which restricts the amount of time spent in bed to the actual time spent sleeping. This approach allows a slight sleep debt to build up, which increases the individual's ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. If a patient is sleeping five hours a night, the time in bed is limited to 5-5 1/2 hours. The time in bed is gradually increased in small segments, with the individual rising at the same time each morning; at least 85% of the time in bed must be spent sleeping.
Try listening to Hemi-Sync. The Monroe Institute has brainwave music called Hemi-Sync. It will put me to sleep even when I'm not tired, and keep me asleep until morning. I posted some links for you, so that you can check it out.I have Astral Induction and Deep 10 Relaxation. Both are great for falling asleep. Astral induction is 20 minutes long, and Deep 10 Relaxation is one hour long. After the Deep 10, I guarantee you'll be sleeping like a baby. Just don't have any other music on your ipod after that, or it will pull you right out of your sleep. You can buy the cds from the website, or on ebay. You can also look on itunes for a music download. Good luck and sweet dreams.
Some tricks that seem to work for me:
Put together a relaxing mix of songs on a cd or an ipod and play them every night when you go to bed. After doing it enough you will associate the sounds with sleep.
Nyquil seems to work well and so does, tylenol pm or excedrin pm to put me to sleep. I actually went in and talked to a professional about my sleep disorder (I don't go to be until 4 or 5 am sometimes) and they put me on Ambien which puts me to sleep in 15 minutes. I've heard nytol works for some of my friends, but it gave me night terrors.
Good luck and sweet dreams!