咩叫account ratios?

Accounting ratios 或稱作 Financial ratio 是財務會計用到的一些比率。

分為三類：

profitibility量度企業賺錢的能力：


Margin/ Net profit ratio = Net Income / Sales
Gross profit ratio = = Gross Income / Sales
Return on capital employed ﹙此比率有不同計法﹚


liquidity量度企業的現金週轉能力：

Current ratio ＝ Current assets / Current liabilities
Quick ratio = (Current assets – Inventories*) / Current liabilities
*Inventories 即是 Stock

Stock turnover = Cost of goods sold / Average inventory*
*
Average inventory 即是 Average Stock = (Opening Stock + Closing Stock) / 2
PS: 若要計算每日的比率：365除以答案
若要計算每周的比率：52除以答案
若要計算每月的比率：12除以答案


management量度企業的管理能力：
Days Sales Outstanding Ratio = Accounts Receivable / Average sales per day
Receivables Turnover Ratio

Average collection period = Accounts receivable / (Annual credit sales / 360 days)

Average payment period = Accounts payable / (Annual credit purchases / 360 days)


不同機構會用不同的比率。而且變化多端﹐很難比較企業之間的不同能力。

Gross profit = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold
Gross profit ratio = (Sales - Cost of Goods Sold) / Sales

Other Commonly Used Accounting Ratios:
Current ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Quick ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory - Prepayment ) /Current Liabilities
Gearing ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Assets OR Total Liabilities / Total Equity
Inventory Days = Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold x 365
Debtors Days = Accounts Receivable / Sales x 365
Creditors Days = Accounts Payable / Purchase x 365
Bad debt ratio = Bad debt expenses / Sales OR Bad debt expenses / Accounts receivable
Interest Cover = Profit before interest / Interest expenses
Return on Total Assets = Profit after tax / Total Assets
Return on Equity = Profit after tax / Equity
P/E = Price of Share / Earning per Share
Earning per share = Profit after tax / Shares Outstanding
Return on working capital = Profit after tax / Working Capital
Dividend payout ratio = Dividend / Profit after tax