Nomenclature for multiple functional groups

2008-06-02 10:33 pm
http://photo.xanga.com/EMINEM_11311/64321191852642/photo.html?rewrite=true&album=d163e54d241e34&n=80
how do you name the compound as above in English?
how to decide the priority for multiple functional groups?

回答 (1)

2008-06-02 11:46 pm
✔ 最佳答案
The systematic name is:
4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxocyclohept-3-enecarbaldehyde

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Step 1: Determination of the principal group
The principle group is named as the suffix (字尾). There is only ONE principal group in each compound.
Priority of common functional groups as the principal group:
cations > -COOH > -COOR > -COCl > -CONH2 > -CN > -CHO > C=O > -OH > -NH2
(-R, -OR, -F, -Cl, -Br and -I CANNOT be the principal group.)
Groups in the compound: -CHO, C=O, -OH and -CH3
Therefore, the principal group is -CHO (the aldehyde group).

Step 2: Determination of the parent chain
The parent chain is the longest hydrocarbon chain to which the principal group attached.
Obviously, the parent chain is cyclic containing 7 C atoms and 1 C=C bond. It is named as cyclohept-?-en(e) ring.
Since C1 is attached to the principal group (-CHO), the cycloheptene ring is numbered clockwise. The double bond is numbered as C4=C3, and the parent chain is named as cyclohept-3-en(e).

Step 3: Name the parent chain with the principal group
Common suffix name for aldehyde is -al if it is attached to an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain.
However, when the aldehyde is attached to a cyclic hydrocarbon ring, it is named as (cyclic ring)carbaldehyde.
Therefore, the name of the parent chain with the principal group is: cyclohept-3-enecarbaldehyde.

Step 4: Add the prefix names with numbers for all other groups
=O at C2: 2-oxo
-CH3 at C3: 3-methyl
-OH at C4: 4-hydroxy
They are arranged in alphabetical order, i.e. h, then m, and finally o.
Therefore, the IUPAC name of the compound is:
4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxocyclohept-3-enecarbaldehyde.


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