”滿江紅”既歷史背景!(急)

滿江紅







圖片參考：http://www.cps.com.hk/ibsg/Big5/portoflio/homepage/images/river.gif


怒髮衝冠，憑欄處，瀟瀟雨歇。
抬望眼，仰天長嘯，壯懷激烈。
三十功名塵與土，
八千里路雲和月。
莫等閒白了少年頭，空悲切。
靖康恥，猶未雪；
臣子恨，何時滅？
駕長車，踏破賀蘭山缺！
壯志飢餐胡虜肉，
笑談渴飲匈奴血。
待從頭收拾舊山河，朝天闕。


　
“滿江紅”是宋、元時候最流行的詞牌之一。現今的人們一提到唐詩宋詞，往往將其歸入文學類上去，其實，詞是唱的，它的概念一如現今的歌詞，隻不過宋、元詞總要有一個固定的曲調，這便是“詞牌”，一種詞牌有一個曲調，如《滿江紅》是詞牌名，也是曲調名，不管是誰寫的《滿江紅》都可以安在一個曲調上。而寫詞的人也必須依這種曲調的格式、句式填詞，方可入調，因此人們把寫詞叫做填詞。可惜的是那時的種種詞牌曲調到現在為止大多已失傳了，僅有極個別的詞牌曲調還可尋到蹤跡，《滿江紅》就是現存的一個。
　　二十年代中（即“五四”運動後），楊蔭瀏先生將它與相傳的岳飛所作的《滿江紅》詞相結合而得以廣泛流傳。岳飛是南宋初期抗擊外族侵犯的名將，後遭投降派、內奸秦檜的誣陷而被殺害。這首傳說是岳飛所做的《滿江紅》，其氣壯山河，充分抒發了他壯懷激烈、精忠報國的志向和決心。
　　這首歌曲音調淳厚，節奏穩健，感情激昂而壯烈。在本世紀二十年代山河破裂、軍閥混戰，許多愛國志士報國無門的環境、氣氛、心境相一致，於是這首《滿江紅》則成了具有時代氣息的愛國歌曲。

Basis
The common belief is that Yue wrote the poem in 1133 at the age of 30 after the capture of Emperors Qinzong and Huizong by Jurchen invaders (known as the "Humiliation of Jingkang" as mentioned in the poem) alongside Emperor Gaozong's retreat to modern-day Hangzhou in 1127 which formed the Southern Song Dynasty.


Proper dating
According to Princeton University History Prof. James T.C. Liu, Yue Fei is not the author of the poem. The poem was not included in the collected works of Yue Fei compiled by Yue's grandson, the poet and historian, Yue Ke (Chinese: 岳柯, 1183 - post 1234). And it was never mentioned in any major works written prior to the Ming Dynasty. The section that states the author's wish "to stamp down the [Helan pass]" (apparently a different version than what is presented here) is what led scholars to this conclusion. Helan pass was in the land of Western Xia, which was not a military target of Yue's armies. Prof. Liu states the "real author of the poem was probably Chao K’uan who engraved it on a tablet at Yueh Fei’s tomb in 1502, in order to express the patriotic sentiments which were running high at that time, about four years after General Wang Yueh had scored a victory over the Oirats near the Ho-lan Pass in Inner Mongolia."