甚麼化學物質可以將處理油污，減少其對海上污染？

用清潔劑, 正確D咁講, 應該係 soapless detergent。
因為海中有大量 Mg 同 Ca ions, 所以用 soap 的話只會出 scum, 而沒有清潔的作用。

原理:
清潔劑有2部分。1部分係1條好長既 carbon chain, 佢係可以溶落油既。而另1部分係1個ionic head, 佢係可以溶落水既, 而且係帶電既。

因為水係輕微帶電既 (hydrogen +電, oxygen -電) , 所以水分子同清潔劑之間會有1個引力 (異性相吸) , 令油分子離開物體既表面。當你打散佢做1 D 油滴, 因為D ionic head 帶相同電荷, 所以會互相排斥, 咁D油滴就唔可以再合番埋。

[你自己畫副圖會易明D]

另外, soap detergent 可以由油加 NaOH 整出黎
soapless detergent 就係由石油提練, 加工製成 (+ concentrated sulphuric acid)

2008-04-29 16:47:14 補充：
scum: ionic head reacts with Mg/Ca ions to form an insoluble substance

Soap can actually help remove the oil on the sea. It consists of 2 parts: hydrophilic part and hydrophobic part.The hydrophilic part is an ionic head which can dissolve in water.In contrast, the hydrophobic part is a hydrocarbon tail which can dissolve in the water. Upon stirring, the oil will soon be emulsified and it can be easily carried away by water.