Econ 問題... Plz help me

①Ans.
B. reducing the personal allowance of the salaries tax
-leads to a rise in tax payment of low-income tax payers
(not widen the tax base)

-no change in tax payment of high-income tax payers
whose tax payment = standard tax rate*gross income
This leads to a less even income distribution of Hong Kong citizens

A. raising the standard tax rate of the salaries tax
-increases tax payment of high-income tax payers
whose tax payment = standard tax rate*gross income

C. raising the profits tax rate
-increases tax payment of high-income tax payers
whose tax payment = profit tax rate*net profit before taxation

D. lowering the excise tax rate of tobacco and wine
=lowering indirect tax rate of tobacco and wine
=lowering regressive tax rate of tobacco and wine,
leading to a more even income distribution of Hong Kong citizens


② 1 unit of toys 1 unit of watches
country A 1 man-hour 3 man-hours
country B 2 man-hour 4 man-hours

OC---1 toy--------1 watch
A---1/3watch------3(=3/1) toys
B---1/2watch------2(=4/2) toys

For A,according to law of comparative advantage,
it should produce and export toys

which A can producing 1 unit of it
with a lower opprotunity cost than that of B.

A then should improt watches


A mutually beneficial terms of trade should be
1 unit of toys「 between」 1/3watch and 1/2watch

0.4 watch is 「 between」 1/3watch and 1/2watch
it is beneficial for 2 countries

while 2.5 watches is more than 1/2watch which is OC of 1 toy for B
B will not import toys from A with such terms of trade.

So, the answer is A
A. toys…watches…0.4 units of watches

① Ans: B (The tax base will be widen and lead to less even income
distribution)

A: raising the standard tax rate of the salaries tax(There will be no change to
the income distribution of Hong Kong since the tax base no change)

C: raising the profits tax rate(There will be no change to the income
distribution of Hong Kong since the tax base no change)

D: lowering the excise tax rate of tobacco and wine(The lower the indirect tax,
the more even income distribution)

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