Volleyball(10)

Rules of the game

Game play
Each team consists of six players. To get play started, a team is chosen to serve by coin toss. A player from the serving team (the server) throws the ball into the air and attempts to hit the ball so it passes over the net on a course such that it will land in the opposing team's court (the serve). The opposing team must use a combination of no more than three contacts with the volleyball to return the ball to the opponent's side of the net. These contacts usually consist first of the bump or pass so that the ball's trajectory is aimed towards the player designated as the setter; second of the set (usually an over-hand pass using wrists to push finger-tips at the ball) by the setter so that the ball's trajectory is aimed towards a spot where one of the players designated as an attacker can hit it, and third by the attacker who spikes (jumping, raising one arm above the head and hitting the ball so it will move quickly down to the ground on the opponent's court) to return the ball over the net. The team with possession of the ball that is trying to attack the ball as described is said to be on offense.

2008-04-13 01:58:54 補充：
The team on defense attempts to prevent the attacker from directing the ball into their court: players at the net jump and reach above the top (and if possible, across the plane) of the net in order to block the attacked ball.

2008-04-13 01:59:08 補充：
If the ball is hit around, above, or through the block, the defensive players arranged in the rest of the court attempt to control the ball with a dig (usually a fore-arm pass of a hard-driven ball). After a successful dig, the team transitions to offense.

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The game continues in this manner, rallying back and forth, until the ball touches the court within the boundaries or until an error is made.

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Errors and faults
The ball lands out of the court, in the same court as the team that touched it last, under the net to the opposing team's court, or the ball touches the net "antennas." The ball also may not pass over or outside the antennas even if it lands in the opponents' court.

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1 .The ball is touched more than three times before being returned to the other team's court.2
The same player touches the ball twice in succession.3
A player "lifts" or "carries" the ball (the ball remains in contact with the player's body for too long).

2008-04-13 01:59:57 補充：
A player touches the net with any part of his or her body or clothing while making a play on the ball (with the exception of the hair).
The players of one team do not manage to touch the ball before the ball lands in their half of the court.

2008-04-13 02:00:15 補充：
A back-row player spikes the ball while it is completely above the top of the net, unless he or she jumped from behind the attack line (the player is, however, allowed to land in front of the attack line).

2008-04-13 02:00:25 補充：
A back-row player participates in a completed block of the opposing team's attack (completed means at least one blocker touched the ball).

2008-04-13 02:00:44 補充：
The libero, a defensive player who can only play in the back row, attempts a block or makes an "attacking hit", defined as any shot struck while the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

2008-04-13 02:00:55 補充：
A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass (set) by a libero in the front zone.

2008-04-13 02:01:08 補充：
A player is not in the correct position at the moment of serve, or serves out of turn. This type of foul is related to the position currently occupied by the players (see the table in the Equipment section).

2008-04-13 02:01:20 補充：
When ball is served, players can place themselves freely on the field (e.g. a "back-row" player can be close to the net) so long as they obey the following rules: The area "1" player must be behind the area "2" player and to the right of the area "6" player.

2008-04-13 02:01:35 補充：
The area "6" player must be behind area "3" player, to the left of area "1" player and to the right of area "5". The area "5" player must be behind the area "4" player and to the left of the area "6" player.

2008-04-13 02:01:43 補充：
Symmetric rules must be respected by the front-row players (those in areas "2", "3" and "4"). The penalty for being out of rotation is an automatic service ace if the opposing team is serving, and if it's on the serving team sides, it's an automatic turnover.

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When hitting, a player makes contact with the ball in the space above the opponent's court (in blocking an attack hit, this is allowed).

2008-04-13 02:02:06 補充：
A player touches the opponent's court with any part of his or her body except the feet or hands.4
When serving, a player steps on the court or the end line before making contact with the ball.
A player takes more than 8 seconds to serve.[12]

2008-04-13 02:02:15 補充：
At the moment of serve, one or more players jump, raise their arms or stand together at the net in an attempt to block the sight of the ball from the opponent (screening).5
A player blocks the serve or attacks the serve when the ball is in the front zone and above the top of the net.

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There is a physical fight between players, whether an opponent or on the same team
Notes:

2008-04-13 02:02:40 補充：
1 If the ball passes outside the antennas on the first contact for the team, e.g. as the result of a bad pass or dig, a player is allowed to go after the ball as long as he or she does not touch the opponent's court and the ball travels back to his or her team's court also outside the antennas.

2008-04-13 02:03:10 補充：
2 Except if a player blocks (touches a ball sent over the net by the opposing team, while reaching above the top of the net) a ball that stays in the blocker's side of the net.

2008-04-13 02:03:21 補充：
In such an instance the blocker may play the ball another time without violating the rule against playing the ball twice in succession. If the ball is touched during a block, that contact is not considered one of the team's three contacts.

2008-04-13 02:03:28 補充：
3 At the first hit of the team, the ball may contact various parts of the body consecutively provided that the contacts occur during one action. Also, when a player touches the ball on a block, he or she may make another play on the ball.

2008-04-13 02:03:36 補充：
4 Penetration under the net with hands or feet is allowed only if a portion of the penetrating hands or feet remains in contact with or directly above the player's court or center line.[13]

2008-04-13 02:03:40 補充：
5 Screening is only a fault if the players stand directly next to each other in a way that clearly impedes vision, and the serve is a low line drive over their heads. (This is a judgment call by the referee. Teams are generally given a warning before being sanctioned for screening.)

2008-04-13 02:04:11 補充：
更詳細既資料:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#Rules_of_the_game