information about 新界五大氏族

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新界五大氏族！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

香港新界的五大族
鄧氏

新界鄧氏，原籍江西省吉安府吉水縣白沙村，其祖漢黻公本是北宋承務郎，宦遊入粵，喜粵風俗之淳，在開寶六年 (973) ， 卜宅於粵的寶安岑田 (今日錦田) ，立籍居住 (註二) 。至四世祖符公，在神宗熙寧二年 (1069) 登進士第，授陽替令，後來宦遊至本區，因覺風土優美，乃奉三代考妣，遷葬於此，並在圭角山下，創力瀛齋，建書樓，講書講學，其後更置客館書田於里附郭北門之橋，發膏火以資養四方來學之士。因此，符公乃為鄧氏遷居香港新界的始祖。
七世祖鄧銑，字元亮，南宋時為贛縣令。建炎三年 (1129) ，金人南下，銑公起兵勤王，護衛隆知太后等於虔州，獲功勳，並在戰亂中救獲未室皇姬，後來以之許配其子惟汲。惟汲與皇姬隱居岑田莊舍，生四子 : 林、杞、槐、梓。紹興間 (1191-1194 年間) ，惟汲公先卒，皇姬命長子林持手書見光宗，帝追封惟汲為稅院郡馬，賜祭田六頃，以及東莞地區的山場餉渡等，四子皆封國舍。長子林之子孫居粉嶺龍躍頭，三子槐子孫居大頭、黎洞等地，四子梓後人居錦田、廈村、輞井、西山、東頭、元朗、官涌、大嶼山塘福及東涌、上下高莆等地。
鄧銑族兄元禎公在南宋年間自岑田遷居屏山開基，是為屏山房始祖。其後子孫繁衍，遂分建坑尾、坑頭、塘坊、新村、橋頭圍、洪屋、灰沙圍及上章圍等村 (註六)。
清康熙九年 (1670) ，原居廣東嘉應州吉梅鄉的鄧君會公，自惠州歸善遷移新安長莆，後來徙青衣立業。其七世的廷桂公，於康熙二十七年 (1688) 遷居錦田橫台山。其後，該族後人繼分遷荃灣，禾塘咀及上下葵涌等地。

文氏
新界文氏，原籍江西省永新北鄉錢市，南宋景定間 (1260 -1264) ，其祖天瑞公隨堂兄璧公赴惠州居住。其後，堂兄文天祥抗元兵敗被執，從容就義，天瑞公則南逃今深圳地，定居三門東清後坑。
天瑞公無子，堂兄璧公以三子京子入繼，其後人孟常公居新田，遂為新田房開基祖：蔭公居屏山，後大埔泮涌村附近，其後人分今泰坑。

廖氏
新界廖氏，原籍福建汀州，其祖仲傑公於元朝末年，居新界境內，初住屯門，再福田，三徙雙魚境內，在元至正十年 (1350) 定居上水。

侯氏
新界侯氏，原籍廣東番禺。北宋時，侯五郎今上水地區，五傳至仲猷公，才遷居河上鄉。仲猷公生卓峰，卓峰生六子：明初，長二三四子皆居河上鄉。五子遷谷田，清乾隆末年，其後人遷居金錢及燕崗：道光初年，其後人亦有分遷鳳崗。
仲猷公四弟仲宴公後人，在元代時開基谷豐嶺：清初，其後人再遷居丙崗。

彭氏
新界彭氏，原籍江西宜春廬陵。北宋年間，彭延年為潮州知事，後居潮州揭陽縣浦口村。北宋末年，金人南侵，延年公六子遂居各地：其五子 遷居廣東東莞，開基立業中公遂為東莞彭氏始祖。
公兩傳至桂公，在南宋年間，攜子 然居新安境內，以稼穡開基，初居龍山，後因鄧氏與其為鄰，並僭龍山地區，故該地彭氏遂徙居樓：明萬曆年間，復徙居粉璧嶺，立圍居住。然 然公生三子，為粉嶺彭氏三大房。

In 9 June 1898, the British Government used the excess of "proper defence and protection of the colony (i.e. Hong Kong)" , forced the Chinese Government to lease the land what became known as the New Territories for 99 years. It was the Convention of Beijing 1898 (or usually rendered as "Convention respecting an extension of the Hong Kong Territory"). However, the British Colonial Government in Hong Kong did not fully assume authority over the land until 26 April 1899. It was because of the strong resistance by the New Territories inhabitants against the British takeover.

Though the New Territories was leased to Britain in 1898, the British did not know the place very well. There was no reliable statistics possessed by the Chinese Government of the present population of the San On district then. Therefore, Stewart Lockhart, the Colonial Sectary, was appointed as the Special Commission to report on the region, and wrote what became known as the Lockhart Report on the New Territory, 8 October, 1898. In his report, the territory was mainly occupied by five major lineages, namely Tang, Liu, Pang, Hau and Man (新界五大族).

In the times under the Qing rule, the local lineages have a lot of power and special rights. They can have their own jurisdiction on the minor affairs by the custom and practices by themselves. They were also allowed to organized militia (t'uen-lien) to protect themselves. Normally speaking the Qing Government would not interfere the daily living and organizations inside the village. The lineages have a high social status and social influence due to the kinship. They also got the control over the best agricultural lands. These are the "rights" of the inhabitants in the eyes of Chinese, however are consider as the "privileges" in the eyes of the British.