Chem choride ions

2008-04-05 9:43 pm
點解用concentrated sulphuric acid唔會oxidize到chloride ion...明明so4^2-係strong O.A than Cl-.-....但又話oxidize iodide 同 bromide

93..paper2 22題
更新1:

仲有,唔識睇邊個反應會快d..我一直以為邊個concentration高就反應快.但係加左水又要另計..why?

更新2:

仲想問你點分邊d ionic bond soluble in water 又話potassium oxide soluble magnesium oxide唔soluble 點睇架?

回答 (2)

2008-04-06 12:25 am
✔ 最佳答案
首先,要指出一些錯誤的講法:
第一,concentrated sulphuric acid 作為 oxidizing agent,唔係因為佢有 SO42- ion,而係因為佢有 H2SO4 molecules。Concentrated sulphuric acid 其實係指 98% H2SO4,其餘 2% 係 impurities。因為水少甚至冇水,所以很多 H2SO4­ molecules 都冇 ionize 到,以 H2SO4 molecules 形式存在。另外,solution of metal sulphate 雖然含有好多 SO42- ion,但絕對唔係 O.A.。
第二,redox reaction 能唔能夠進行,唔係因為某個 reactant 係 stronger OA (oxidizing agent),而係要睇 O.A. 同 R.A. (reducing agent) 兩個既強度。若果只睇某個 reactant 係 stronger O.A.,咁就會好大鑊,acidified potassium permanganate 係 stronger OA than acidified potassium dichromate,咁你唔係要佢兩個撈埋就有 redox rection 俾你睇丫嗎?
第三,Cl- 唔係 OA,而係 RA。因為 O.A. 進行 reduction,降低 O.N.。Cl 在 Cl- 時的 O.N. 係 -1,係 Cl 最低既 O.N.,點會進行 reducing 呢?
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第一題答案,是因為雖然 concentrated sulphuric acid 係 O.A.,但 Cl- 係極之弱既 R.A.,弱到同 concentrated sulphuric acid 冇 redox reaction。(Cl2 係好強既 OA,好易變成 Cl-,即係話 Cl- 好難會作為 R.A. 變番做 Cl2。)但 Br- 係幾強既 R.A.,所以會同 O.A. 既 concentrated sulphuric acid 有 redox reaction。而 I- 係更加強既 R.A.,當然會同 concentrated sulphuric acid 有 redox reaction 啦。
第二題答案,係 reactant 既 concentrated 愈 high,reaction 通常會愈快。但係你要辨認邊個係 reactant。例如 98% sulphuric acid 中大部份係 H2SO4 molecules,加入水後好多 H­2­SO4 molecules 會 ionize 變做 H ,即係加水後會令 H2SO4 molecules 變成 less concentrated,而 H+ ions 變成 more concentrated。所以 concentrated sulphuric acid 加水後,如果 reactant 係 H2SO4 molecules 就會變慢,如果 reactant 係 H+ ions 就會變快。
2008-04-05 10:16 pm
SO4^2- is not stronger OA than Cl- or Br-. it can oxidize Br-, I- because its
concentration is too high. Since Cl- is much stronger O.A. than SO4^2-, so
even if the difference in concentration is large, it still cannot oxidize Cl-.


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