我想要一些中國四大發明的資料

2008-04-04 3:46 am
我想要一些中國四大發明的資料 ,最好係英文









唔該!!!

回答 (4)

2008-04-04 4:10 am
✔ 最佳答案
以下都是關於中國四大發明的網址及介紹(有D冇介紹)

http://www.ied.edu.hk/invent/bigfour.html

http://www.geocities.com/kss_chiculture/1.htm
介紹:這是一個專題報告的網頁!
在這個有關中國古代科學的網頁,你可以看到有關:
指南針,卬刷術,火藥,造紙術的資料。
在這個網頁裡,你可以隨心所欲地探究有關中國四大發明中的林林總總。無論從文字,從圖片,你都可以一窺中國四大發明的點點滴滴。
細心體味點滴的凝煉,每一吋每一角都是無數前人的心血極作。
一枝小小的指南針,浮之於水上,可用以方向,一枝鐵匙,放之於鐵板上,亦可作分辨東,南,西,北之用。簡單。功效直接明顯。
追仙慕道的逍遙。煙霧冉冉滿室。灼熱的巨型煉丹爐。溢皮膚滑下的汗珠。偶然的爆炸。
一車書。一筆一劃的雕刻。昂貴的布帛。樹枝......混合。一片目眩的雪白。
知識的裏足不前。木板上的平面雕刻藝術。文字在銅鐵中誕生,有秩序地排成一列又一列。
點滴。心血。心血點滴。點滴心血。
請開始你的旅程。請細心觀賞每一幅圖片,每一分每一角,享受每一點,每一滴......優越。


http://members.tripod.com/kennethman_poon/
介紹:如果沒有了印刷機,我們會否有報章、雜誌看? 如果沒有了紙張,我們怎樣記事?
如果沒有了煙花、炮竹,我們的中國傳統節日會否仍然這麼熱鬧?
如果沒了指南針和羅盤,在空中飛行的飛機和在大海中航行的船隻會遇到什麼問題?
大家都知道,若果沒有了印刷機,我們當然不能這麼容易便可買到 報章、雜誌看,此外我們亦不能擁有印刷這般精美的課本和圖書。
若果沒有了紙張,在日常生活上當然十分不便,例如我們在堂上不能抄寫筆記,在購物時商店不能出發票、單據給我們等等。此外,若果沒有了紙作為傳播媒介,我們的知識又怎樣流傳呢? 當然沒有紙張的存在,印刷術的存在亦變得沒有意義了。
若果沒有了煙花、炮竹,每臨春節或元宵節裡便少了一種東西來烘托喜慶氣氛。我們不再聽到聲振九天,振奮人心的炮竹,亦看不見五彩奪目,色彩繽紛的煙火。
如果沒了指南針和羅盤,在一望無際的天空中飛行的飛機,及在汪洋大海中航行的船隻當然會迷失方向,亦不能安全和準確地讓我們抵達目的地。以上四種東西對我們都十分重要,是我們生活中和社會中不可或缺的一部分,沒有它們,對我們的生活會做成一些影響,而以上這些東西之所以出現,便是我們祖國的功勞了。 
若果世界上沒有我國偉大的四大發明(造紙術、印刷術、火藥和指南針),今天我們不會有紙書寫,不會有習作簿給我們練習,亦看不見色彩繽紛的包裝禮盒和印刷精美的刊物,也看不見五光十色的煙花炮竹,連開山修路也不會這麼容易,甚麼風水堪輿學、航空和航海事業亦不能得以發展。
我國的四大發明對人類社會有著很大的影響,造紙術的出現為人類帶來無限的方便,也讓我們節省了不少的地方;印刷術的出現讓書本能廣泛地發行,讓知識、文化得以流傳,對人類文明和社會進步,產生了巨大的推動作用,是人類文明之母;火藥的發明讓我們能開發建設,使我們的節日充滿了歡欣的氣氛。除此之外,利用火藥所製成的火槍火炮等武,亦讓我們的社會開創了新的時代;指南針的發明,讓我們的航空和航海事業得以發展之餘 ,亦促進了商貿的發展,振興各地的經濟。
我國的四大發明,對世界文明發展有著極大的貢獻。它們在今天對我們仍有很大的影響,亦有許多的用途,對促進世界各方面的發展及文化交流仍然有很大的幫助。有見及此,在這網頁將會介紹我國的四大發明,讓大家對它有更深入的認識。

 
http://members.tripod.com/elvislai_hk/


以下是我找到的資料:

造紙術

四大發明中的造紙術相傳是由東漢時代的宦官蔡倫所發明,但是也有考古證據說明,造紙術在更早時期就存在,而蔡倫只是一位改進造紙術的重要發展者。造紙術對知識的保存及資訊的流通有不少影響。

指南針

四大發明中的指南針前身為中國古代的司南。是一種用於指示方向的工具,廣泛應用於航海、野外探險等領域。早在古代已對貿易、戰爭和文化交流造成深遠影響。

火藥

四大發明中的火藥除了可製作煙花和炮仗等,亦是一種炸藥,被運用到戰爭上成為軍事用途。據載起源於唐朝甚至秦朝。

活字印刷術

四大發明中的活字印刷術是現代印刷術的前身,與造紙術一樣對知識的保存和流通造成影響。據載是北宋時期畢升發明了膠泥活字印刷術,被認為是世界上最早的活字印刷技術。

如果你想要英文,上 late 個網:http://www.google.com/translate_t
希望幫到你!!

2008-04-03 20:52:51 補充:
中文翻譯至英文

(造紙術

四大發明中的造紙術相傳是由東漢時代的宦官蔡倫所發明,但是也有考古證據說明,造紙術在更早時期就存在,而蔡倫只是一位改進造紙術的重要發展者。造紙術對知識的保存及資訊的流通有不少影響。

指南針

四大發明中的指南針前身為中國古代的司南。是一種用於指示方向的工具,廣泛應用於航海、野外探險等領域。早在古代已對貿易、戰爭和文化交流造成深遠影響。



請看下面

2008-04-03 20:53:10 補充:
火藥

四大發明中的火藥除了可製作煙花和炮仗等,亦是一種炸藥,被運用到戰爭上成為軍事用途。據載起源於唐朝甚至秦朝。

活字印刷術

四大發明中的活字印刷術是現代印刷術的前身,與造紙術一樣對知識的保存和流通造成影響。據載是北宋時期畢升發明了膠泥活字印刷術,被認為是世界上最早的活字印刷技術。)

請看下面

2008-04-03 20:56:04 補充:
Papermaking

2008-04-03 20:56:25 補充:
Four great inventions of the paper it is said that the era of the Eastern Han Dynasty eunuch by Cai Lun invented, but there are archaeological evidence shows that in the paper earlier in the period exist, and improve papermaking Cailun only one of the important developments are.

2008-04-03 20:56:31 補充:
Paper for the preservation of knowledge and information flow, many affected.

2008-04-03 20:56:45 補充:
Compass

2008-04-03 20:57:03 補充:
Four great inventions in ancient China compass formerly the Sina. Is used to indicate direction, widely used in navigation, outdoor adventure, and other fields. As early as in ancient times has been on trade, cultural exchanges and the war caused far-reaching effects.

2008-04-03 20:57:15 補充:
Gunpowder

2008-04-03 20:57:29 補充:
Four great inventions of gunpowder in addition to the production of fireworks and firecrackers, but also is an explosive, was used in a war for military purposes. It originated in the Tang Dynasty and even in the Qin Dynasty.

2008-04-03 20:57:46 補充:
Print

2008-04-03 20:58:03 補充:
Four great inventions of the print is the predecessor of modern printing, paper and the same knowledge of the preservation and circulation impacts. It is set during the Northern Song Dynasty Bisheng invention of the clay print is believed to be the world's first print technology.
參考: 好多個 website
2008-04-05 2:13 am
四大發明是關於中國科學技術史的一種論說,是指古代中國的四種發明,一般是指造紙術、指南車、火藥、活字印刷術。

此一說法最早由英國漢學家李約瑟提出並為後來許多中國的歷史學家所繼承,普遍認為這四種發明對中國古代的政治、經濟、文化的發展產生了巨大的推動作用,且這些發明經由各種途徑傳至西方,對世界文明發展史也產生了很大的影響。
參考: wiki
2008-04-04 4:39 am
中英對照 (中/英文)



四大發明是關於中國科學技術史的一種論說,是指古代中國的四種發明,一般是指造紙術、指南針、火藥、活字印刷術。



The Four Great Inventions of ancient China (Traditional Chinese: 四大發明; Simplified Chinese: 四大发明; pinyin: Sì dà fā míng) are, according to the British scholar Joseph Needham: the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing. These inventions are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient China's advanced science and technology and contribution to the world that had tremendous effects on human civilization and development by people.



造紙術



造紙術相傳是由中國東漢時代的蔡倫(63-121年)所發明,但是也有考古證據說明,造紙術早就存在,蔡倫只是改進造紙術的重要發展者。在中國,造紙術被稱為中國古代四大發明之一。



東漢的許慎在他編寫中國第一部條理清楚、體系分明的字典《說文解字》裡談到「紙」的來源。他說:『「紙」從系旁,也就是「絲」旁。』。這句說話見當時的紙主要是用絹絲類物品製成,與現在意義上的紙是完全不同的。紙的發明、發展及傳播也是經過了一個曲折的過程。





Papermaking is the process of making paper, a material which is ubiquitous today for writing and packaging. The invention of papermaking is usually ascribed to the Chinese court official Cai Lun. Amate paper has also been invented by the Mayas no later than the 5th century AD. Papermaking is considered by the British scholar Joseph Needham to be one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China, alongside the compass, gunpowder, and printing.



指南針



指南針是一種用於指示方向的工具。 現有兩種類型:一是根據地球磁場的有極性製作的地磁指南針,但這種指南針指示的南北方向與真正的南北方向不同,存在一個磁偏角;二是電子指南針,採用磁場感測器的磁阻(MR)技術,可很好地修正磁偏角的問題,現已大量用於GPS定位裝置中。



前身是在中國被稱為「中國古代四大發明」之一的司南。廣泛應用於航海、野外探險等領域。

2008-04-03 20:40:23 補充:
A compass is a navigational instrument for finding directions on the earth. It consists of a magnetized pointer free to align itself accurately with Earth 39;s magnetic field, which is of great assistance in navigation. The cardinal points are north, south, east and west.

2008-04-03 20:40:49 補充:
A compass can be used in conjunction with a chronometer and a sextant to provide a very accurate navigation capability. This device greatly improved maritime trade by making travel

2008-04-03 20:40:54 補充:
safer and more efficient. An early form of compass appears in China in the 11th century. The familiar mariners compass was invented in Europe around 1300.

2008-04-03 20:41:06 補充:
火藥



火藥又被稱為黑火藥, 是一種早期的炸藥. 現在雖然已經被無煙火藥及TNT等炸藥取代, 但是今天還是有生產作為煙花, 鞭砲, 模型火箭以及仿古的前鏜上彈槍枝的炸藥使用. 現代軍事中黑火藥也被用在點火裝藥、起爆劑、引信及空包彈裝藥中。

2008-04-03 20:41:31 補充:
Gunpowder, whether black powder or smokeless powder, is a substance that burns very rapidly, releasing gases that act as a propellant in firearms. Both forms of gunpowder are low explosives.

2008-04-03 20:41:36 補充:
As it burns, a subsonic deflagration wave is produced rather than the supersonic detonation wave which high explosives produce. As a result, pressures generated inside a gun are sufficient to propel a bullet, but not sufficient to destroy the barrel.

2008-04-03 20:41:46 補充:
gunpowder less suitable for *****tering rock or fortifications, applications where high explosives are preferred.

2008-04-03 20:42:08 補充:
活字印刷術



活字印刷術是中國古代發明之一。在中國常被稱為「中國古代四大發明」之一。由北宋人畢升發明了膠泥活字印刷術,用於取代雕版印刷術。沈括在《夢溪筆談》中有具體記載。但以泥塑的方式製作活字,技術並未成熟而不適於實用,故僅有很少數量的書籍以活字進行印刷,且多由官方付印,並未對於中國及其他地區的印刷造成實質影響。

2008-04-03 20:42:19 補充:
西方的約翰內斯·谷登堡於1440年左右,將當時歐洲已有的多項技術整合在一起,發明了鉛字的活字印刷,很快在歐洲傳播開來,實質上推進了印刷形成工業化,意義更為深遠。鉛字印刷術隨著西方傳教士於19世紀傳到中國併流行開來。

2008-04-03 20:42:44 補充:
The printing press is a mechanical printing device for making copies of identical text on multiple sheets of paper. It was invented in Germany by the goldsmith and printer Johannes Gutenberg in ca. 1447.

2008-04-03 20:42:49 補充:
Printing methods based on Gutenberg's printing press spread rapidly throughout first Europe and then the rest of the world, replacing most block printing and making it the

2008-04-03 20:43:10 補充:
sole progenitor of modern movable type printing. Printing's effect on civilization has often been discussed in terms of the effect of the "printing press" on civilization—a rhetorical device,

2008-04-03 20:43:20 補充:
which alludes to the pivotal role of the printing press in the global spread of printing.
參考: yahoo
2008-04-04 3:52 am
Four Great Inventions of ancient China

The Four Great Inventions of ancient China (traditional Chinese: 四大發明; simplified Chinese: 四大发明; pinyin: sì dà fāmíng, meaning "four great inventions") are, according to Chinese tradition and the British scholar and biochemist Joseph Needham:

The Compass[1]
Gunpowder
Papermaking[2]
Printing[3]
These inventions are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient China's advanced science and technology.[4] These four discoveries had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.

2008-04-03 19:53:01 補充:
The Compass

The earliest reference in Chinese literature to magnetism is found in a 4th century BCE book called Book of the Devil Valley Master (鬼谷子): "The lodestone makes iron come or it attracts it."[5]

2008-04-03 19:53:40 補充:
Gunpowder

By the time the Song Dynasty treatise of the Wujing Zongyao (武经总要) was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in 1044 AD, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%.

2008-04-03 19:54:16 補充:
Papermaking

Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about 105 AD, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste.

2008-04-03 19:54:36 補充:
Printing

The Chinese invention of Woodblock printing, at some point before the first dated book in 868 (the Diamond Sutra) produced the first print culture in the world: "it was the Chinese who really discovered the means of communication that was to dominate until our age."[


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原文連結 [永久失效]:
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