breast cancer(come &easy)

(一) 不用怕, 少年人甚少患乳癌,你只得 13 歲, 不是患乳癌。


(二) 天氣乾躁和冷會引起皮膚痕, 你只是傷口處理不好,
引致發炎, 不要時常摸傷口, 用消毒紗布蓋著傷口,
用防敏感紙布貼紗布, 很快好。

(三) 乳頭流血水才是患乳癌病徵, 黄色水是傷口發炎。

(四) 現在乳房腫瘤病有年輕化趨勢, 乳癌更 20 個女性有一個患上, 所以不能掉以輕心。


(五) 再担心便到婦科医生或家計曾檢查一下。





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以下資料希望對你有用(我以前答的)：





(A ) 你可去以下地方檢查：


1. 家計會($60至80診金)


2. 私家医院-----如浸會医院 婦女健康中的---女外科林子倩医生($250 至$300診金,不包藥) tel : 23398460


3. 私家外科医生(女医生方便些)-----約$300至$500


4. 政府医院----可考慮廣華医院的婦女診所($60 至$80)


普通診所只作基本檢查, 按下你的乳房, 不夠準確。


你可和護士說自己懷疑有乳腫瘤(因未知良性或惡性,故不稱為乳癌)。


不用怕, 因是良性居多, 就算是惡性, 早知切除就 OK哩！


延遲医治就慘可能要化療和電療。








(B ) 乳房腫瘤有如下分類：


1） 纖維腺瘤 (Fibroadenoma )


纖維腺瘤是堅硬， 表面圓滑及按壓時可移動的乳房腫塊，


通常發現於18-35歲的女性。纖維瘤一般不會痛，也無壓痛感，


不會有惡性變化，可以在乳房作一小切口而將之切除。




２） 疣狀乳頭瘤 (Wart-Like Papilloma)


瘤生於輸乳管某一層之邊緣上面，可引致乳頭有血清或血樣的分泌物


滲出，這種出血的管子很易分辨，可做一小手術切除管子及腺瘤。


３） 乳腺增生症 (Fibrocystic Disease) /水廇


乳腺增生症多發生於 20-50歲的婦女，約 50至60 %女性曾有這種現象，


是屬於生理改變而不是疾病。主要 足乳房脹痛和乳房腫塊，按壓時


有柔軟感，每在月經前增大， 但 經期後 會 縮小，與週期性女性荷爾蒙


有關。乳腺增生症經過懷孕，哺乳的生理過程可自 動痊 癒，即使持續存在


，絕經期後症狀亦逐漸消失。


4) 乳癌(惡性)分荷爾蒙正和荷爾蒙負，又按性質分 grade A, B, C, D,


又按情況分一至四期。荷爾蒙正可吃荷爾蒙藥控制病情。其實其分


類可以很複雜, 不是專家不會明。





(C) 乳房腫瘤診斷基本方法:


1 . 臨 床乳房檢查-----


醫生經過查詢乳房不適的詳情後，仔細檢查(用手按)婦女的乳房


及 腋下部份是否出現硬塊或異常情況。


2. 乳房超音波素描 (ULTRASOUND)------


超音波掃描是一種安全，無痛及有效的檢查方法之一。医生揸一些


jelly 在乳房上, 然後用儀器按乳房就可在電視上看到情況, 此法可檢測


病變的位置及腫塊的性質 ，適用於乳房密度較高的年輕婦女。


3. 乳房Ｘ光造影 (MAMMOGRAPHY)-----


用儀器挾着乳房照 X-ray, 比較準, 但較痛。


4. 抽組織化驗-----


5. 驗血 15.3 -----

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display the traits of uncontrolled growth, invasion, and sometimes metastasis. These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize. Most cancers form a tumor but some, like leukemia, do not.

Cancer may affect people at all ages, even fetuses, but risk for the more common varieties tends to increase with age. Cancer causes about 13% of all deaths. According to the American Cancer Society, 7.6 million people died from cancer in the world during 2007. Apart from humans, forms of cancer may affect other animals and plants.

Nearly all cancers are caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the transformed cells. These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents. Other cancer-promoting genetic abnormalities may be randomly acquired through errors in DNA replication, or are inherited, and thus present in all cells from birth. Complex interactions between carcinogens and the host genome may explain why only some develop cancer after exposure to a known carcinogen. New aspects of the genetics of cancer pathogenesis, such as DNA methylation, and microRNAs are increasingly being recognized as important.

Genetic abnormalities found in cancer typically affect two general classes of genes. Cancer-promoting oncogenes are often activated in cancer cells, giving those cells new properties, such as hyperactive growth and division, protection against programmed cell death, loss of respect for normal tissue boundaries, and the ability to become established in diverse tissue environments. Tumor suppressor genes are often inactivated in cancer cells, resulting in the loss of normal functions in those cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the cell cycle, orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the immune system.

去呢度睇下點自我檢查乳房啦
係我個blog黎

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