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La Nia is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon similar to El Nio. During a period of La Nia, the sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean will be lower than normal by 0.5 C. In the United States, an episode of La Nia is defined as a period of at least 5 months of La Nia conditions. The name La Nia originates from Spanish, meaning "the little girl", analogous to El Nio meaning "the little boy".
La Nia is the opposite of El Nio, where the latter corresponds instead to a higher sea surface temperature by a deviation of at least 0.5 C. El Nio is famous due to its potentially catastrophic impact on the weather along both the Chilean and Australian coasts. Furthermore, La Nia is often preceded by a strong El Nio.



Effects of La Nia
La Nia causes mostly the opposite effects of El Nio, for example, El Nio would cause a wet period in the Midwestern U.S., while La Nia would typically cause a dry period in this area.
In simple terms, whereas El Nio causes drier weather on West Pacific seaboards, ie. Eastern Australia or Southeast Asia, and wetter, humid weather in the East Pacific, ie. Western Americas; La Nia causes opposite conditions, although usually to a lesser extreme.