[6] containers moving through different transport nodes face challenges in obtaining shipment data since carriages involve multiple stops in the container transport chain.
[17] it is characterized by a relational rather than transactional focus and have a long-term relationship.
[37.1] unlike intermodal services, which are managed within shipping lines, the conduct of logistics services is largely handled in independent business unit.
[37.2] following its acquisition of APL, NOL established APL logistics to advance its strategy of rapid growth in the logistics area. one the other hand, with the acquisition of Sea-Land, A.P.Moller re-branded its logistics service as Maersk Logistics
[37.3] relationship of shipping lines with logistics service providers has become important. however, not all the top container lines in the world have such unit. for example, Hapag-Lloyd and Evergreen are focus on meeting shippers' requirements through their shipping and door-to-door capability.