✔ 最佳答案
鼻塞是指鼻道因受到病毒感染的血管腫脹而造成阻塞的情況。它是上呼吸道感染最常見的症狀。
鼻塞成因有很多,而影響亦可大可小。對出生不過數個月的新生兒而言,由於他們只能透過鼻子呼吸,鼻塞對他們來說可以是致命的。對成年人或普通兒童來說,鼻塞只會帶來輕微的影響。
鼻塞有時會影響耳部,使聽覺或說話能力受到影響。嚴重的鼻塞會干擾睡眠,因鼻塞會導致鼻鼾,它也跟睡眠窒息症有關。對兒童來說,因腺腫脹而造成的鼻塞會減低氧氣供應,導致慢性睡眠窒息,甚至是右邊心臟失效。如果發生這情況,就只好用手術方式解決。
鼻塞也會帶來面部疼痛或頭痛,以及一定程度的不適。
Although viruses are the most likely etiology of URIs and are not amenable to antibiotic treatment, antibiotics continue to be widely prescribed for this illness. Unnecessary adverse effects of antibiotics and development of antimicrobial resistance can be reduced by judicious use of these drugs. In patients with URTIs, antimicrobial therapy generally has been shown to result in symptom resolution 1 to 2 days sooner than when symptomatic measures alone are used. Some high risk patients with underlying pulmonary disease, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), are more likely to benefit from antibiotics when they develop symptoms consistent with a URTI. Health care providers generally try to educate their patients about the self-limited nature of most URIs and the hazards of inappropriate use of antibiotics for the individual patient and the community.