Who say that memories and energy are NOT stored in particle?
They can be either stored in particle and other, like the field.
In science, we take many times of experiments, from the results, we claim that this results is correct for ALL of the universe, until someone prove it wrong, or improvement.
So, I tell you that in our known space, ALL matter are combined by particles. They maybe massless, like photon, graviton, neutrino. Or still in arguing, like the dark matter.
So, what is your defination of particles? Do you take the virtual particles that existing in physical models in account? If do, I can tell you that ALL of the things including time and space can be discribe by the particles in a higher dimensions in calculations.