我想要一d俄羅斯既資料(英文)

Russia (Russian: Росси́я, Rossiya), also[3] the Russian Federation (Росси́йская Федера́ция, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; listen (help·info)), is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising 84 federal subjects. Russia shares land borders with the following countries (counter-clockwise from northwest to southeast): Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast), Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It is also close to the U.S. state of Alaska, Sweden and Japan across relatively small stretches of water (the Bering Strait, the Baltic Sea, and La Pérouse Strait, respectively).

At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is by far the largest country in the world, covering more than an eighth of the Earth’s land area; with 142 million people, it is the ninth largest by population. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 11 time zones and incorporating a great range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest mineral and energy resources,[4] and is considered an energy superpower. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's unfrozen fresh water.[5]

The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs. The Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.[6] Founded and ruled by Vikings and their descendants, the first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century and adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988,[7] beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium.[7] Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated and the lands were divided into many small feudal Russian states. The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was Moscow, which gradually absorbed the surrounding principalities and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation and exploration to become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from Poland eastward to the Pacific Ocean.

Russia established worldwide power and influence from the times of the Russian Empire to being the leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first and largest Communist state, and can boast a long tradition of excellence in every aspect of the arts and sciences.[6] The Russian Federation was founded following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the Soviet Union.[8] Russia is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and a leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the G8. It is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the world's largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction

Country's name(國名):Russian federation or Russia (The Russian Federation, The Russia)

National flag( 國旗):Assumes the horizontal rectangle, long and the wide ratio is approximately 3:2.The flag surface parallel also the equal horizontal rectangle is connected by three becomes, from the top downward respectively be white, blue, red tricolor.Russia is vast in territory, national territory cross frigid zone, subfrigid zone and temperate zone three climatic zones, with tricolor horizontal rectangle parallel connected, expressed in Russia geographical position this characteristic.

National emblem(國徽):For shield emblem.On November 30, 1993, Russia decided uses before the October Revolution the Ivan thunder emperor time, take the double eagle as the design national emblem: On the red shield surface has a golden color double eagle, on hawk is the Peter big emperor's three imperial crowns, the eagle claw grabs the symbolic imperial authority the scepter and the golden ball.

Motherland securer date(祖國保衛者日):On February 23 (former U.S.S.R army day)

War of national defense victory date(衛國戰爭勝利日): On May 9

The national sovereignty manifesto passes Japan (National Day)（國慶日): On June 12

Harmonious settlement day, October Revolution festival, serviceman honor date(和諧和解日、十月革命節、軍人榮譽日0:On November 7(Original October Revolution commemoration day)>>

Constitution date(憲法日):On December 12

Police date(警察日):On November 10.Russia protects buddhist law the institution the history to be possible to trace to more than 200 years ago.In 1715, orders Russia according to Peter the First to establish has protected buddhist law the institution, the nowadays Russia police regards as it “the first ancestor”.In the past Peter the First for this new organization hypothesis slogan was: “Serves honorably for the motherland”.This succinct instruction until now still is the Russian police's motto.

Astronavigation festival(宇航節):On April 12(In 1962 Soviet Union was the commemorationGagarinThe outer space navigation decides for the first time)

National main points of administration(國家政要):PresidentVladimirsky · Putin (Vladimir Putin) On December 31, 1999 was appointed Russian generation of president, in March, 2004 continues as president; Federation committee (parliamentary upper house) presidentXie Ergai · MiLuo Knoff (Sergei Mironov) In December, 2001 held an office, in January, 2003 continued without interruption; National Du Ma (parliamentary Low House) presidentBao window P Gryzlov (Boris Gryzlov) In December, 2003 and in December, 2007 was elected; PremierVictor · ancestor cloth branch husband (Viktor Zubkov)In September, 2007Taking office; Security conference generation of secretary Iraqi tile Lian Jing· rope abundant LevIn July, 2007 holds an office; Minister of foreign affairsXie Ergai · Rough Rove (Sergei Lavrov) In March, 2004 holds an office.

Population(人口):Resident population142,000,000(Up to September 1, 2007), Russia is in the world one of depopulation speed quickest countries.The nation has more than 100 nationalities, in which Russia clansmen accounts for 79.8%, the main national minority has Tartar da, Ukraine, Chu Washen, bashes Kiel, Belorussia, Moldova, Germanic, Ukraine Germany Moore, Armenia, the Arab League var, Ma �yin the B Khazak, Austria fills the ladder, the cloth especially � 堥 �, the yakute, card Barr reaches, Judea, the branch rice especially, the row this root, storehouse Mei Ke, Ingushetia, the chart tile and so on.The population distribution is extremely imbalanced, west developed local average each square male � battlements hold the sentiment X77 person, the individual place reaches 261 people, but northeastern part the liver moss does not bring 1 person originally.

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