飛機點起飛?

How a Plane Flies’ is an easy-to-use, illustrated guide to aerodynamics and engines, with a particular focus on the forces at work on a plane: lift (the upward force that keeps a plane in the air), thrust (the force that moves a plane forward), drag (air resistance holding a plane back) and weight (pulling a plane down). Pilots in training will find this chapter invaluable, as it takes complicated concepts and breaks them down into an accessible format.

圖片參考：http://www.howtoflyaplane.co.uk/file_uploads/resize-crop.php?file=anatomy-detail.jpg&size=590&width=590&height=393.333333333

飛機起飛和降落的原理

主要是靠機翼對空氣取得昇力,飛機的機翼斷面形狀有很多種,依造每種形狀適用於不同功用的飛機,飛機的機翼從斷面來看，通常機翼上半部曲面及下半部曲面不一樣，通常為上半部曲面弧長較長,空氣流經飛機機翼截面,因空氣流過機翼表面時被一分為二,經過機翼上面的空氣流速較快，因此壓力會變的比較低(柏努力定律)，，而經過機翼下面的空氣流速較慢,壓力就會比較高(柏努力定律)，壓力高的地方會往壓力低的部分移動，這就是昇力的由來。但是至於昇力大小由昇力公式Y =(1/2)ρV2SCy[註V2是V的平方]


Find a flight school at your local airport or join the military air force training program. This will help you become familiar with all the devices on board, and provide you with an appropriate checklist for the aircraft you intend to fly.
Practice with a certified instructor many times before going up yourself. Before you can get your license, you will need at least 3 hours cross-country, 3 hours night, 10 hours solo, and 5 hours solo cross-country flight time. The average flight time for most people to get their private pilot certificate is around 75 hours.
Learn how to control the aircraft on the ground and in the air. Practice stalls, turns around a point, air navigation, and safe takeoffs and landings.
Learn the procedures for talking to Air Traffic Control (ATC) and using your radios.
Complete all stages required by your flight school. This generally includes::
Presolo stage. During these first hours your instructor will teach you the basics of flying and make sure you are competent enough to fly the airplane safely.
First Solo. When your instructor deems you ready, you will go up on your own and fly around the airport, making three landings. Each circuit is called a pattern. For many, this is the flight they will remember most for their entire life. During your training you will fly solo numerous times to practice and build confidence.
Cross-country stage. Things are getting more and more complex. You will learn to navigate to another airport, check weather, and request various clearances and directions from air traffic control agencies.
Check ride preparation. Towards the end of your training your instructor will review with you for your practical (flight) exam.
Check ride. This is where it all comes together. Before meeting with your examiner you will need your instructor's endorsement, a certificate showing you passed the FAA Private Pilot written exam, and all required hours.
You will take both an oral and practical (flight) exam with the examiner to determine your knowledge and ability to fly safely. This includes basic maneuvers, communication, emergency and navigation procedures. Once you have successfully completed the check ride, you will be able to fly get a temporary pilot certificate from the examiner while you wait for your permanent certificate arriving in the mail soon.

How does the wing is induce the lift? Let us first perform a small
experiment: Grasps a white paper an end, as a result of the gravity
function, the white paper another end meets the nature to dangle, now
we attain the white paper in front of the mouth, along the horizontal
direction air flush, has a look to be able to have any type situation.
Kazak, the white paper not only has not been blown, dangles an end
instead fluttered, what reason is this? The hydromechanics basic
principle tells us, flows the slow atmospheric intensity of pressure
bigger, but flows the quick atmospheric intensity of pressure smaller,
above the white paper air is moved, flows quickly, the intensity of
pressure the motionless air is smaller than the white paper under,
therefore has held the white paper. This basic principle also obtained
in the soccer movement has manifested. Everybody had possibly heard in
the soccer competition "the banana ball", when sends the corner kick,
the foot law good team member may cause the soccer to bypass the ball
doorframe and the goalkeeper, directly flies into the goal, because
the soccer flying route is curving, takes the form of a banana,
therefore is called "the banana ball". This stock causes the soccer
deflection the mystical strength also to come from to the air pressure
difference, because soccer while kicks which flies to front also to
circle own spool thread to revolve, therefore in soccer two sides
regarding air velocity of movement different, receives the air
pressure is also different, was the air pressure difference has
hoodwinked the goalkeeper.

Regarding fixed wing airplane, when it when air by certain speed
flight, according to the relative motion principle, the wing is
opposite to the air movement may regard as is the wing is motionless,
but the air draft has flowed the wing by the certain speed. Air
flowing is sees in the daily life, but the low speed air current flows
actually has a bigger similarity with the current of water. The daily
experience of life tells us, when the current of water has flowed the
river bed by a relatively stable current capacity, in river surface
wider place speed of flow slow, is quick in the river surface narrower
place speed of flow. Has flowed in the wing air current and the river
bed running water similar, because the wing generally is not
assymetrical, on surface quite raised, but undersurface quite even,
flows on the wing the superficial air current to be similar to the
narrower place running water, the speed of flow quicker, but has
flowed the wing undersurface air current just right opposite, is
similar to the wider place running water, on the speed of flow surface
air current is slower. According to the hydromechanics basic
principle, flows the slow atmospheric intensity of pressure bigger,
but flows the quick atmospheric intensity of pressure smaller, such
wing undersurface intensity of pressure on compared to on surface
intensity of pressure high, trades a speech to say, is the atmosphere
(upwardly exerts with the wing undersurface pressure direction) exerts
the superficial pressure (direction to under) is bigger than on the
wing, the two pressure difference has then formed the airplane lifting
force.

When the airplane wing is the symmetric figure, air current when flows
along the wing axis of symmetry, because the wing two surfaces shapes
are same, thus the stream velocity is same, produces the pressure is
also same, this time the wing does not induce the lift. But when the
symmetrical wing by is certain 傾斜角 (is called angle of attack or
angle of attack) when the air the movement, can appear with the
asymmetrical wing similar phenomenon of flow about, causes the
superficial pressure not to be inconsistent, thus also can induce the
lift.