✔ 最佳答案
簡介
核能發電,是利用核分裂產生巨大的能量,製造高溫高壓的蒸氣或氣體,驅動發電機組發電。
核能所用的燃料,乃是可分裂或融合的放射性物質,例如鈾235、鈽239、鈾233等。例如1克鈾235分裂所產生的能相當於燃燒3000噸上等的煤所產生的熱量
目前核能發電量僅佔全球能源和電力供應百分之七和十七。
核能優點
1. 減少依賴化石燃料
2.生產巨大能量
3.祇需小量原料
4.鈾礦蘊藏量足夠長期使用
5.運作成本較低(約為火力發電三分之一)
6.生產電力時不會造成空氣污染
缺點
* 產生高低階放射性廢料,或者是使用過之核燃料,雖體積不大,但具有放射線,故必須慎重處理,且需面對相當大的政治困擾。
* 核能發電廠熱效率較低,比一般化石燃料電廠排放更多廢熱,故熱污染較嚴重。
* 核能電廠投資成本太大,電力公司的財務風險較高。
* 核能電廠較不適宜做尖峰、離峰之隨載運轉。
* 興建核電廠較易引發政治歧見紛爭。
* 核電廠的反應器內有大量的放射性物質,如果在事故中釋放到外界環境,會對生態及民眾造成傷害。
English
Nuclear energy
This article concerns the energy stored in the nuclei of atoms; for the use of nuclear fission as a power source, see Nuclear power.
Nuclear Energy is energy that is directly released from the atomic nucleus. The conversion of nuclear mass to energy is consistent with the mass-energy equivalence formula ΔE = Δm.c², in which ΔE = energy release, Δm = mass defect, and c = the speed of light in a vacuum (a physical constant).
Nuclear energy is released by three exoenergetic (or exothermic) processes:
Radioactive decay, where a neutron or proton in the radioactive nucleus decays spontaneously by emitting either particles, electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays), neutrinos (or all of them)
Fusion, two atomic nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus
Fission, the breaking of an heavy nucleus into two (more rarely three) lighter nuclei
Nuclear energy was first discovered by French physicist Henri Becquerel in 1896, when he found that photographic plates stored in the dark near uranium were blackened like X-ray plates, which had been just recently discovered at the time 1895.[1]
Nuclear chemistry can be used as a form of alchemy to turn lead into gold or change any atom to any other atom (albeit through many steps).[2] Radionuclide (radioisotope) production often involves irradiation of another isotope (or more precisely a nuclide), with alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.
Iron has the highest binding energy per nucleon of any atom. If an atom of lower average binding energy is changed into an atom of higher average binding energy, energy is given off. The chart shows that fusion of hydrogen, the combination to form heavier atoms, releases energy, as does fission of uranium, the breaking up of a larger nucleus into smaller parts. Stability varies between isotopes: the isotope U-235 is much less stable than the more common U-238.
From:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_energy