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Gold (pronounced /ˈɡoʊld/) is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from the Latin aurum, meaning shining dawn) and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal which, for many centuries, has been used as money, a store of value and in jewelry. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks, underground "veins" and in alluvial deposits. It is one of the coinage metals. Gold is dense, soft, shiny and the most malleable and ductile of the known metals. Pure gold has a bright yellow color traditionally considered attractive.
Gold formed the basis for the gold standard used before the fiat currency monetary system was employed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). It is specifically against IMF regulations to base any currency against gold for all IMF member states. The ISO currency code of gold bullion is XAU.
Modern industrial uses include dentistry and electronics, where gold has traditionally found use because of its good resistance to oxidative corrosion.
Chemically, gold is a trivalent and univalent transition metal. Gold does not react with most chemicals, but is attacked by chlorine, fluorine, aqua regia and cyanide. Gold dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys, but does not react with it. Gold is insoluble in nitric acid, which will dissolve silver and base metals, and this is the basis of the gold refining technique known as "inquartation and parting". Nitric acid has long been used to confirm the presence of gold in items, and this is the origin of the colloquial term "acid test," referring to a gold standard test for genuine value.
金是一种化学元素,它的化学符号是Au,它的原子序数是79。金是固体金属,金黄色。能抵受腐蚀。可展平和延长。不含杂质时大致上是软性的。金是人类历史上最早知道的金属之一,早在古埃及等上古史纪,就因其质地较软、易分割、易储存等特点而被人类广泛作为货币使用,是财富和权力的象征。如今金仍然有保值的功能。金的符号为Au,来自金的拉丁文名称(Aurum)。而Aurum来自Aurora 一词,是“灿烂的黎明”的意思。
金储量很少,主要以游离态存在,以单质形式散存于岩石(岩脉金)或沙砾(冲积金)中,总是与石英或黄铁矿共生。金还存在于海水中。
* 贵金属,最早的一般等价物,用于制造货币(现已停止)、首饰,并用于保值。
* 除装饰用外,主要用于电气工业由于活性小,可以用作电极。电器插接件通常镀金以防止氧化。半导体芯片内引线的焊接(金丝球焊)。半导体器件制作通常需要金作为内部引线。
* 开金(K金):指的是金与铜的合金。如18开金(18K金)代表含有18/24的钝金与6/24的铜之合金,硬度较纯金大,广用于金首饰及装饰品。
* 用于食用,某些糕点会加上金箔,以突显其身价。
* 运动会奖牌(金牌)