✔ 最佳答案
聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene,簡稱PS)是一種無色透明的熱塑性塑料。具有高於攝氏100度的玻璃轉化溫度,因此經常被用來製作各種需要承受開水的溫度的一次性容器,以及一次性泡沫飯盒等。
[編輯] 化學性質
聚苯乙烯的化學穩定性比較差,可以被多種有機溶劑溶解,會被強酸強鹼腐蝕,不抗油脂,在受到紫外光照射後易變色。
[編輯] 物理性質
聚苯乙烯質地硬而脆,無色透明,可以和多種染料混合產生不同的顏色。
[編輯] 歷史
1839年,德國人Eduard Simon第一次從天然樹脂中提取出聚丙烯。
1930年,BASF開始在德國商業化生產聚丙烯。
1934年,Dow開始在美國生產聚丙烯。
1954年,Dow開始生產聚丙烯泡沫塑料。
[編輯] 生產與應用
聚苯乙烯的經常被用來製作泡沫塑料製品。聚苯乙烯還可以和其他橡膠類型高分子材料共聚生成各種不同力學性能的產品。日常生活中常見的應用有各種一次性塑料餐具,透明CD盒等等。
[編輯] 耐衝擊性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)
耐衝擊性聚苯乙烯是通過在聚苯乙烯中添加聚丁基橡膠顆粒的辦法生產的一種抗衝擊的聚苯乙烯產品。這種聚苯乙烯產品會添加微米級橡膠顆粒並通過枝接的辦法把聚苯乙烯和橡膠顆粒連接在一起。
當受到衝擊時,裂紋擴展的尖端應力會被相對柔軟的橡膠顆粒釋放掉。因此裂紋的擴展受到阻礙,抗衝擊性得到了提高。
[編輯] 苯乙烯丙烯腈(SAN)
SAN是Styrene Acrylonitrile的縮寫。苯乙烯丙烯腈是苯乙烯丙烯腈的共聚物,是一種無色透明,具有較高的機械強度的聚丙烯基工程塑料。SAN的化學穩定性要比聚苯乙烯好。SAN類產品的透明度和抗紫外性能不如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯類產品但是價格相對便宜。
[編輯] 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)
ABS是Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene的縮寫。這種塑料是丙烯腈,丁二烯和苯乙烯的共聚物。具有高強度,低重量的特點。是常用的一種工程塑料之一。
[編輯] SBS橡膠
SBS橡膠是一種聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)結構的三段嵌段共聚物。這種材料同時具有聚苯乙烯和聚丁二烯的特點,是一種耐用的熱塑性橡膠。SBS橡膠經常被用來製造輪胎。
聚苯乙烯
密度 1050 kg/m³
電導率 (σ) 10-16 S/m
導熱率 0.08 W/(m•K)
楊氏彈性模量 (E) 3000-3600 MPa
拉伸強度 (σt) 46–60 MPa
Elongation at break 3–4%
Notch test 2–5 kJ/m²
玻璃轉變溫度 95 °C
熔點 240 °C
Vicat B[來源請求] 90 °C
熱膨脹繫數 (α) 8 10-5 /K
熱容 (c) 1.3 kJ/(kg•K)
吸水率 (ASTM) 0.03–0.1
降解 ± 2000 years[1]
source:[2]
Polystyrene IPA: /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ is an aromatic polymer made from the aromatic monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. Polystyrene is a thermoplastic substance, normally existing in solid state at room temperature, but melting if heated (for molding or extrusion), and becoming solid again when cooling off.
Polystyrene was accidentally discovered in 1839 by Eduard Simon,[3] an apothecary in Berlin. From storax, the resin of Liquidambar orientalis, he distilled an oily substance, a monomer which he named styrol. Several days later Simon found that the styrol had thickened, presumably from oxidation, into a jelly he dubbed styrol oxide ("Styroloxyd"). By 1845 English chemist John Blyth and German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann showed that the same transformation of styrol took place in the absence of oxygen. They called their substance metastyrol. Analysis later showed that it was chemically identical to Styroloxyd. In 1866 Marcelin Berthelot correctly identified the formation of metastyrol from styrol as a polymerization process. About 80 years went by before it was realized that heating of styrol starts a chain reaction which produces macromolecules, following the thesis of German organic chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965). This eventually led to the substance receiving its present name, polystyrene. The I. G. Farben company began manufacturing polystyrene in Ludwigshafen, Germany, about 1931, hoping it would be a suitable replacement for die cast zinc in many applications. Success was achieved when they developed a reactor vessel that extruded polystyrene through a heated tube and cutter, producing polystyrene in pellet form.
Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. It can be cast into molds with fine detail. Polystyrene can be transparent or can be made to take on various colors. It is economical and is used for producing plastic model assembly kits, license plate frames, plastic cutlery, CD "jewel" cases, and many other objects where a fairly rigid, economical plastic is desired.
Polystyrene
Density 1050 kg/m³
Specific Gravity 1.05
Electrical conductivity (s) 10-16 S/m
Thermal conductivity (k) 0.08 W/(m•K)
Young's modulus (E) 3000-3600 MPa
Tensile strength (st) 46–60 MPa
Elongation at break 3–4%
Notch test 2–5 kJ/m²
Glass temperature 95 °C
Melting point[1] 240 °C
Vicat B 90 °C[2]
Heat transfer coefficient (Q) 0.17 W/(m2K)
Linear expansion coefficient (a) 8 10-5 /K
Specific heat (c) 1.3 kJ/(kg•K)
Water absorption (ASTM) 0.03–0.1
Decomposition years[citation needed]