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2008-01-24 5:35 am
兩棲類主要可用尾巴及四肢的有無來分類:青蛙、蟾蜍是屬於無尾巴、有四肢的無尾目,約有三千五百多種;另外,有尾巴又有四肢的蠑螈、山椒魚則是屬於有尾目,約有三百五十餘種;最後是有尾巴卻無四肢、長的像蚯蚓的無足目,以蚓螈為代表,僅一百六十多種。

  雖然他們的外型如此差異,但仍保有共同的特徵—濕潤裸露的皮膚、幼體在水中用鰓呼吸,成體在陸地用肺、口腔內膜及皮膚呼吸的兩棲生活—正因如此,才會有「兩棲類」的稱呼。

  從個體發育而言,生活在水中的個體,經過變態發育為成體後,則能上陸生活;而自整體結構的角度來看,既保存著水棲祖先的許多型態,同時又擁有多項陸棲脊椎動物的特徵。但是由於皮膚裸露,缺乏完整的角質化,防止水分的散失,使得兩棲類雖可以離開水中生活,可是又不能離水太遠。

  如果說“登陸生活”是生物的演化趨勢,那麼兩棲類只能算是個「試驗者」(嚴格來說,只算是個「失敗者」),不過兩棲類的過渡性質,在演化史中卻佔有相當重要的地位。

回答 (1)

2008-01-24 5:43 am
✔ 最佳答案
Whether there is the amphibians main available tail and do the four limbs classify: The frog, the toad are belong without the tail, have four limbs' anura, has approximately 3500 many kinds of; Moreover, has the tail also to have four limbs' salamander, the salamander belongs to the urodela, has 350 kinds approximately; Finally has the tail actually not to have the four limbs, the long elephant earthworm's apoda, take earthworm yuan as representative, only more than 160 kinds.

  Although their outlook so difference, but still held the common characteristic - moist exposed skin, the young animal in the water with the gill breath, the adult in the land the amphibious life which with the lung, the oral cavity internal membrane and the skin breathes - because of so, only will then have “the amphibians” the name.

  Says from the ontogenesis, lives in the water individual, undergoes the metamorphosis growth after the adult, then can land the life; But from overall construction's angle, both are preserving aquatic ancestor's many states, simultaneously and has many item of terrestrial vertebrate's characteristic. But because skin exposed, lacks complete keratinizing, prevents the moisture content disappearing, although causes the amphibians to be possible to leave in the boiling water to live, but cannot leave Shui Taiyuan.

  If “the debarkation life” is the biological evolved tendency, then the amphibians can be only “the trier” (strict, is only “loser”), amphibians' transition nature, is evolving Shi Zhongque to hold the quite important status.


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