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2008-01-24 5:28 am
不包括鳥類的話,非洲靈長類擁有最好的視力。

  人類的視力在哺乳世界中可謂佼佼者,尤其是三維視力,能輕易辨別近距離的危險。然而據美國加州大學人類學家林恩·伊斯貝爾研究發現,這種好眼力其實是人類與毒蛇爭奪生存機會的結果。

  伊斯貝爾提出一種名為“生物間的軍備競賽”的假想,解釋了人類進化出得天獨厚的眼力的原因。大約1億年前,蛇蟒與靈長類動物都生活在非洲的土地上。為了佔上風,它們被迫互相不斷進化出新的特性。靈長類動物進化出位於臉部前面的眼睛和更好的視力,而蛇類則進化出毒牙。也許是被毒蛇咬怕了,靈長類動物進化出更強的視覺,不僅對色彩分辨較敏感,而且形成了三維視覺空間,能夠看清幾十厘米甚至幾米內的危險物體。

  該發現動搖了早先的觀點。以前,科學家以為靈長類動物的視覺進化是因為它們需要好的視力來協助手臂捕捉昆虫、採摘果實,但是伊斯貝爾通過對全球靈長類動物進行調查,發現和毒蛇斗爭最久的非洲靈長類擁有最好的視力,而3500萬年前遷移到南美的靈長類動物視力則稍遜。這在一定程度上暗示,人類視覺進化是為了觀察毒蛇。

回答 (2)

2008-01-24 9:04 pm
✔ 最佳答案
Excluding birds, African primates possess the best vision.

Human vision is outstanding amongst mammals, especially having three-dimensional vision allows human to perceive danger that is close-by.

According to Lynne Isabelle, an anthropoligist at California Univercity, US, the exceptional eye sight is a result of the war between human and ophidian.

Isabelle hypothesised the exsistence of a "competition among armed living things", explaining the reason behind it.

2008-01-25 00:51:42 補充:
Isabelle hypothesised the exsistence of a [competition among armed living creatures], which is accountable for such advantageous eye sight.

2008-01-25 00:52:19 補充:
Approximately 10 million years ago, both primates and ophidians lived on the mainland of Africa. Wanting to be the strongest, both of them were forced to evolve constantly.

2008-01-25 00:52:48 補充:
The dominant evolvement in Primates concentrated in the eye area and vision, whereas ophidians had evolved with venom fangs.

2008-01-25 00:53:14 補充:
Perhaps Primates were frightened of being bitten, they then evolved with even better vision.

2008-01-25 00:53:44 補充:
Not only the eyes were more sensitive in differentiating colours, they have also evolved into three-dimensional vision, such that it is easier to perceive danger within the distance of a few metres.

2008-01-25 00:54:39 補充:
Such discovery has wavered previous viewpoints in evolution.

2008-01-25 00:55:10 補充:
Before, scientists believed the vision of Primates evolved because they needed good eye sight to coordinate with arm movements. This would allow them to catch insects and to pick fruits.

2008-01-25 00:55:33 補充:
However, through investigation on primates around the world, Isabelle has discovered the Primates in Africa, who has fought against the ophidians the longest, possess the best vision.

2008-01-25 00:55:52 補充:
On the otherhand, the vision of the Primates who migrated to South Africa 35 million years ago is slightly inferior.Therefore it is possible that human vision evolved was to observe venomous ophidians.
2008-01-24 5:34 am
Including birds' words, the African primate does not have the best vision.

  Humanity's vision in the nursing world it may be said the outstanding person, the three dimensional vision, can distinguish the short distance easily in particular the danger. However studies the discovery according to US UC anthropologist lynne · Iraq Si Bell, this kind of good eyes is actually the humanity and the poisonous snake competes for the chance of survival the result.

  Iraqi Si Bell proposed one kind of named “biological arms race” the imagination, explained the human evolution advantageous eyesight reason. About 100,000,000 years ago, the snake python and the primates lives on Africa's land. In order to be in the upper hand, they are compelled to evolve unceasingly mutually the new thingses characteristic. The primates evolution goes too far in front of face's eye and a better vision, but the ophidia evolves the poison fang. Perhaps was nipped by the poisonous snake has feared, the primates evolved a stronger vision, was not only sensitive to the color resolution, and has formed the three dimensional visual space, could 夠 see clearly several dozens centimeter even several meter in dangerous objects.

  This discovery vacillated the previous viewpoint. Before, the scientist thought that primates' visual evolution is because they need the good vision to assist the arm capture insect, to pick the fruit, but Iraqi Si Bell through carries on the investigation to the whole world primates, discovers and the poisonous snake struggles the most long African primate to have the best vision, but 35,000,000 years ago migrate to South America's primates vision slightly abdicate. This suggested to a certain extent that the human vision evolution is to observe the poisonous snake.


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