✔ 最佳答案
Don't be so upset. The reactivity of metals depends on the metallic strength which can be explained by the last question I answered on 16-01-08. First, let me make a simple metallic strength analysis for you and please study it carefully.
When moving down the group, reactivity of a metal ↑: Reason 1: The number of quantum shells [K, L, M,N, O...] ↑(or just shell at cert. level), the distance % nucleus and outermost shell e- ↑, signifying the nuclear attractive force generated by nucleus to the outermost e- becomes ↓. [F = K(Q1Q2)/r2]The weaker the attractive force, the easier the metal to lose an e- (s).Reason 2: Since there is an e- - e- repulsive force % each shells, the actual nuclear attractive force, Z, faced by the outermost shell e- will not equal the nuclear charge. It will be weaker instead. This is called screening /shielding effect(屏蔽效應),σ. Actual nuclear attractive force faced by an outermost shell e- is called effective nuclear charge (有效電荷), Zeff. => Zeff = Z - σ. [有效電荷,即是最外層電子所感受到的原核子吸力 =原核子中質子的吸力減去各層電子層之間的斥力 ]. These two reasons can also be used to explain the metallic bond strength.
When moving across the period,reactivity of a metal↓ Reason 1: the nuclear charge is increasing by +1, implying greater nuclear attractive force, Z, will be generated to the outermost shell e- and as a result, atomic radius ↓. Reason 2: Due to atomic radius ↓, the distance between the nucleus and outermost shell e- ↓. Thus, the nuclear attractive force generated % nucleus and the outermost e- ↑. The outermost e- is difficult to be lost. These two reasons can also be used to explain the metallic bond strength.
For lithium, on the top position of group 1 , with the smallest atomic radius and thus have +3 nuclear charge. [其實正名叫 (very high) charge density(電荷密度).電荷密度 = 原子核的電荷,即是質子的數目除以原子的radius.] . The distance between nucleus the outermost shell e- ↓(只填了K,L shells )[因為原子 半徑細,所以電荷密度會高,引致對外層電子的吸力增大]. The nuclear attractive force % nucleus and outermost shell e- will be greater. Therefore it is difficult for Li to lose its outermost shell e- ,comparing other group 1 metals .當 Li 放進水時,只有嘶嘶聲(hissing sound),並無火出,但是相反Na進水時,個反應激好多,有聲,又有火出.
For barium, nearly on the bottom position of group 2 , with nearly largest atomic radius and thus have +56 nuclear charge . The distance between nucleus the outermost shell e- ↑(填了K,L,M,N, O,P shells )[因為原子 半徑大,所以電荷密度會變低,引致對外層電子的吸力減少]. The The nuclear attractive force % nucleus and outermost shell e- will be weaker. Therefore it is easier for Ba to lose its outermost shell e- .
Which is more reactive? Ans: Ba. Why? Ans: 看上文Depends on what? Ans: 看上文 Is there a pair of elements that has the same reactivity which are from Group 1 and Group 2? 未必有可能. 因為如果是group 2的金屬,它的原子 半徑必定比group1metal為細,因為多了一粒質子之故.所以其對外層電子的吸力也必大之.所以當group 2的金屬失去一粒電子時,它會帶了正電荷,如Ca+.但是你知道,group 2的金屬不會只失去一粒電的,它會失多一粒電子以滿足octet rule,就在這時,不只是原子核會對外層電子有吸力,而最大的吸力則來自金屬帶了的正電荷,所以要失多一粒電子會比之前困難了,因為最外層電子同時被金屬帶了的正電荷及質子所吸引.
% = between ; e- = electron
希望你明白