English Grammar

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1. Adjectives with -ed & -ing - 會在什麼情況下用

例如: interesting-interested, boring-bored, exciting-excited等
其實是從verb (動詞) 轉變而成, 即文法書上叫作 present participle (現在分詞) 及 past participle (過去分詞), 但由於[動作]成份已退卻而成為 pure adjective 看待, 通常 ing 形式是 [主動] 及 [進行] 而 ed 形式是 [被動] 及 [完成], 所以 interesting 通常是形容 [事件], 如 The book is interesting. 而 interested 通常是用來形容 [人], John is interested in Mathematics. (因為人被引起興趣)

2) 什麼是 Gradable adjectives & Absolute adjectives 及 在什麼情況下用

Gradable adjectives 是有 [比較級] 的形容詞, 即是 tall-taller-tallest 或 beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

for example:
John is tall. (no comparison)
Peter is taller than John. (when comparing 2 persons or things)
Tom is the tallest of the three. (when comparing 3 or more persons or things)

Absolute adjectives 是沒有比較級的形容詞, 例如: the left hand, an industrial center, an empty hall [left 左面 是不可以比較的, industrial (工業的) 也是不可以比較的]

3] 什麼是 Compound adjectives
有多種, 例如:
a) adjective+adjective: light-blue
b) adjective+verb+ing: good-looking
c) adjective+verb+ed: kind-hearted
d) noun+adjective: duty-free
e) noun+verb+ing: ocean-going
f) noun+verb+ed: man-made

reference: Advanced College Grammar