莎士比亞的生平!!

William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616)[a] was an English poet and playwright, now widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist.[1][2] He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 plays,[b] 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.[3]

Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of the playing company the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive and considerable speculation has been poured into this void,[4] including questions concerning his sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.[5]

Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. Next he wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, producing plays, such as Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime, and in 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's.

Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians hero-worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry".[6] In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today, consistently performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.

2008-01-03 20:04:18 補充：
William Shakespeare (施洗1564年四月26日- 1616四月23日) [a]是英國詩人和編劇，現在廣泛被認為最了不起的作家在英語和世界的超群绝倫的劇作家。[1] [2]他經常告訴英國的全國詩人和" Avon"的吟呦詩人; (或完全" Bard")。 他生存工作包括38戲劇， [b] 154個十四行詩，二首長的敘事詩和幾首其他詩。 他的戲劇比那些被翻譯了成每種主要生存語言和經常執行其他編劇。[3]

2008-01-03 20:04:32 補充：
莎士比亞是出生和上升在Stratford在Avon。 在18歲他與安妮Hathaway結婚，使他不耐煩三個孩子： Susanna和孿生Hamnet和朱迪思。 在1585年和1592年之間他在倫敦開始了成功的事業作為使用的公司的演員、作家和部分業主宮務大臣的人，以後以國王的Men著名。 他看上去退休了對Stratford大約1613年，其中他死了三年後。 莎士比亞的私人生活少量紀錄生存，并且可觀的猜想湧入了這個空隙， [4]包括問題關於他的性別，宗教信仰，并且工作歸因於他是否由其他寫。[5]

2008-01-03 20:04:45 補充：
莎士比亞引起了大多數他已知的工作在1590年和1613年之間。 他的早期的戲劇是主要喜劇和歷史，他扶養對優雅和藝術性峰頂在第十六個世紀底之前的風格。 其次他寫了主要悲劇直到大約1608年，導致戲劇，例如哈姆雷特， Lear國王，并且Macbeth，認為某些最美好在英語。 在他的最後階段，他寫了悲喜劇并且與其他編劇合作了。 在他的一生期間，許多他的戲劇在變化的質量和準確性的編輯被出版了，并且， 1623年二他的前戲劇性同事出版了第一個對開紙，包括所有除了二戲劇現在被認可作為莎士比亞的他的戲劇作品的一部全集。

2008-01-03 20:04:52 補充：
莎士比亞是一位受尊敬的詩人和編劇在他自己的天，但是他的名譽沒有上升到它的當前高度直到19世紀。 Romantics，特別是，讚譽了莎士比亞的天才，并且維多利亞女王時代的著名人物把莎士比亞當英雄崇拜帶著尊敬George Bernard Shaw叫" bardolatry& quot;。[6]在20世紀，他的工作由新的運動在獎學金和表現一再採取并且再發現。 他的戲劇依然是高度普遍的今天，一貫地執行和在世界各地重新解釋在不同的文化和政治環境。

Shakespeare Biography

William Shakespeare Biography describes the life of William Shakespeare. From birth to death, Shakespeare Biography describes all that is known about Shakespeare's life from available documentation including court and church records, marriage certificates and criticisms by Shakespeare's rivals.

Shakespeare (1564-1616): Who was he?

Though William Shakespeare is recognized as one of literature’s greatest influences, very little is actually known about him. What we do know about his life comes from registrar records, court records, wills, marriage certificates and his tombstone. Anecdotes and criticisms by his rivals also speak of the famous playwright and suggest that he was indeed a playwright, poet and an actor.

Date of Birth? (1564)

William was born in 1564. We know this from the earliest record we have of his life; his baptism which happened on Wednesday, April the 26th, 1564. We don’t actually know his birthday but from this record we assume he was born in 1564. Similarly by knowing the famous Bard's baptism date, we can guess that he was born three days earlier on St. George’s day, though we have no conclusive proof of this.

Brothers and Sisters.

William was the third child of John and Mary Shakespeare. The first two were daughters and William was himself followed by Gilbert who died in 1612 and Richard who died in 1613. Edmund (1580-1607), sixth in the line was baptized on May the third, 1580 and William's oldest living sister was Joan who outlived her famous playwright brother. Of William’s seven siblings, only Judith and four of his brothers survived to adulthood.

William's Father.

From baptism records, we know William's father was a John Shakespeare, said to be a town official of Stratford and a local businessman who dabbled in tanning, leatherwork and whittawering which is working with white leather to make items like purses and gloves. John also dealt in grain and sometimes was described as a glover by trade.

John was also a prominent man in Stratford. By 1560, he was one of fourteen burgesses which formed the town council. Interestingly, William himself is often described as a keen businessman so we can assume he got his business acumen from his father. In the Bard's case, the apple didn’t fall far from the tree at all...

William's mother: Mary Arden.

William's mother was Mary Arden who married John Shakespeare in 1557. The youngest daughter in her family, she inherited much of her father’s landowning and farming estate when he died
Early Days on Henley Street...

Since we know Stratford's famous Bard lived with his father, John Shakespeare, we can presume that he grew up in Henley Street, some one hundred miles northwest of London.

2008-01-03 20:14:36 補充：
The Bard's Education.Very little is known about literature’s most famous playwright. We know that the King’s New Grammar School taught boys basic reading and writing.

2008-01-03 20:15:49 補充：
William applies for a Coat of Arms. (1596)Records with the College of Heralds, reveal William applied for a coat of arms. Despite a lack of proof, he was granted his request. Later in 1599 he applied for his mother’s coat of arms to be added to his own.

2008-01-03 20:17:25 補充：
The Bard's lost years? He returned back 1609, having visited only during the forty day period of Lent when theatres though open well into the start of Lent would later close in accordance with the traditional banning of all forms of diversionary entertainment around this

2008-01-03 20:19:09 補充：
莎士比亞的生平　關於莎士比亞的生平事蹟，流傳下來的非常稀少，多數是出於人們間接的推測，或者當代人的回憶，片段的證據，口口相傳，寫定下來的．因此我們只對其生平做簡單的記述．莎士比亞，一五六四年四月二十三日生於亞逢河上的斯特拉福鎮（Stratford-on-Avon)．

編輯] 生平
莎士比亞於1564年4月出生於英格蘭斯特拉福鎮（Stratford-Upon-Avon），根據記錄，莎士比亞是在當年的4月26日受洗禮的，一般認為他的生日是4月23日（他在52年後的生日去世）。父親叫約翰·莎士比亞（John Shakespeare），是個手套商人，在他出生時非常富有，但是後來被控捲入黑市羊毛交易，因而家道中落，並失去市議員的地位。有證據表明，莎士比亞的父母親都有同情天主教徒的傾向。大多數歷史學家相信，在歷史記錄中所看到的演員和劇作家莎士比亞是同一個人。

1582年11月28日，莎士比亞與大他八歲的安妮·哈瑟維（Anne Hathaway）結婚，很可能是因為哈瑟維當時已經懷上了莎士比亞的孩子。從此之後莎士比亞的行蹤我們完全無法得知，直到他在1590年代出現在倫敦的劇團中。他總共有三個孩子，第一個女兒蘇珊娜（Susanna）於1583年5月26日在家鄉特拉福鎮接受洗禮。接著他的龍鳳雙胞胎兒子Hamnet和女兒Judith也在1585年2月2日受洗禮。1596年，莎士比亞唯一的兒子Hamnet死亡，於同年8月11日安葬。很多人相信莎士比亞的名劇《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）就是為了紀念他的兒子的，因為Hamlet與Hamnet的寫法類似。

1597年，莎士比亞把他在特拉福鎮的「一棟家宅、兩間畜舍、兩個花園、兩個果園和其他所有東西」以60英鎊的價格售出，到倫敦，成了一名著名的演員和作家。他最後還成為一家劇團—張伯倫勛爵劇團（The Lord Chamberlain's Men）的合夥人。該劇團十分受歡迎，以至於當伊莉莎白一世去世後，詹姆士一世贊助了它，劇團更名為國王劇團（King's Men），而該劇團到了今天已經成為象徵著莎劇最高水準的英國皇家莎士比亞劇院。

現在人們從當時的各種法律文件和商業契約中得知，莎士比亞在倫敦的歲月漸漸變得富有，使得他得以在倫敦的富人區買了一棟房子，還在家鄉斯特拉福鎮擁有一座最大的住宅。

1609年莎士比亞發表了他的十四行詩，其中很多是寫給一個神秘的女人（「Dark Lady」）和一個男人（「Fair Lord」），因此有人相信莎士比亞可能是一位同性戀者。他大約在1611年離開了倫敦和劇壇，從此之後就再也沒有發表重要作品（一般認為他的最後一部劇本是《暴風雨》），直到1616年去世。一個常被提到的巧合是，他與同時代的另一個西班牙大文豪賽凡提斯死在同一天。實際上這是不對的。因為西班牙當時已經採用格里曆，賽凡提斯於格里曆4月23日去世。而英國一直採用儒略曆，儒略曆的4月23日實際上是格里曆的5月3日。所以兩人並非在同一天去世。


[編輯] 身份

威廉·莎士比亞大多數學者同意文豪莎士比亞確實就是那位出生在斯特拉福鎮、曾經做過演員的莎士比亞，但是這始終是多年來十分有爭議性的問題。一些人認為弗朗西斯·培根、愛德華·德·維爾（Edward de Vere）等人才是一些或全部莎士比亞作品的真正作者，至少是一起參與了創作。也有人懷疑莎士比亞是否真的自己創作了所有的作品。有關到底誰是莎士比亞作品真正作者的問題已經成為一門嚴肅的學術研究課題。


[編輯] 作品

[編輯] 悲劇
四大悲劇

馬克白（Macbeth）
李爾王（King Lear）
哈姆雷特（Hamlet）
奧賽羅（Othello）
其它

羅密歐與朱麗葉（Romeo and Juliet）
泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯(Titus Andronicus)
朱利葉斯·凱撒(Julius Caesar)
安東尼與克莉奧佩屈拉(Antony and Cleopatra)
科利奧蘭納斯(Coriolanus)
特洛埃圍城記(Troilus and Cressida)
雅典的泰門(Timon of Athens)

[編輯] 喜劇
皆大歡喜(As You Like It)（四大喜劇之一）
第十二夜(Twelfth Night or What You Will)（四大喜劇之一）
威尼斯商人(The Merchant of Venice)（四大喜劇之一）
仲夏夜之夢(A Midsummer Night's Dream)（四大喜劇之一）
無事生非(Much Ado About Nothing)又譯：捕風捉影
一報還一報(Measure for Measure)又譯：請君入甕、量罪記、將心比心
暴風雨(The Tempest)
馴悍記(Taming of the Shrew)
溫莎的風流娘們(The Merry Wives of Windsor)
愛的徒勞(Love's Labour's Lost)
維洛那二紳士(The Two Gentlemen of Verona)又譯：兩貴親
泰爾親王佩力克爾斯(Pericles Prince of Tyre)
辛白林(Cymbeline)
冬天的故事(The Winter's Tale)
錯中錯(The Comedy of Errors)又譯：錯中錯喜劇、錯誤的喜劇
終成眷屬(All's Well That Ends Well)又譯：如願

[編輯] 歷史劇
亨利四世，第一卷（Henry IV, part 1）
亨利四世，第二卷（Henry IV, part 2）
亨利五世（Henry V）
亨利六世，第一卷（Henry VI, part 1）
亨利六世，第二卷（Henry VI, part 2）
亨利六世，第三卷（Henry VI, part 3）
亨利八世（Henry VIII）
約翰王（King John）
里查二世（Richard II）
里查三世（Richard III）

[編輯] 詩
十四行詩（The Sonnets）
愛人的怨訴（A Lover's Complaint）又譯：情女怨
魯克麗絲失貞記（The Rape of Lucrece）又譯：露克麗絲遭強暴記
維納斯和阿多尼斯（Venus and Adonis）
熱情的朝聖者（The Passionate Pilgrim）又譯：激情飄泊者
鳳凰和斑鳩（The Phoenix and the Turtle）

[編輯] 其他疑為莎士比亞的作品
托馬斯·莫爾爵士（Sir Thomas More）
愛德華三世（Edward III）
輓歌（Funeral Elegy）

莎士比亞的生平

莎士比亞於1564年4月出生於英格蘭斯特拉福鎮（Stratford-Upon-Avon），根據記錄，莎士比亞是在當年的4月26日受洗禮的，一般認為他的生日是4月23日（他在52年後的生日去世）。父親叫約翰·莎士比亞（John Shakespeare），是個手套商人，在他出生時非常富有，但是後來被控捲入黑市羊毛交易，因而家道中落，並失去市議員的地位。有證據表明，莎士比亞的父母親都有同情天主教徒的傾向。大多數歷史學家相信，在歷史記錄中所看到的演員和劇作家莎士比亞是同一個人。

1582年11月28日，莎士比亞與大他八歲的安妮·哈瑟維（Anne Hathaway）結婚，很可能是因為哈瑟維當時已經懷上了莎士比亞的孩子。從此之後莎士比亞的行蹤我們完全無法得知，直到他在1590年代出現在倫敦的劇團中。他總共有三個孩子，第一個女兒蘇珊娜（Susanna）於1583年5月26日在家鄉特拉福鎮接受洗禮。接著他的龍鳳雙胞胎兒子Hamnet和女兒Judith也在1585年2月2日受洗禮。1596年，莎士比亞唯一的兒子Hamnet死亡，於同年8月11日安葬。很多人相信莎士比亞的名劇《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）就是為了紀念他的兒子的，因為Hamlet與Hamnet的寫法類似。

1597年，莎士比亞把他在特拉福鎮的「一棟家宅、兩間畜舍、兩個花園、兩個果園和其他所有東西」以60英鎊的價格售出，到倫敦，成了一名著名的演員和作家。他最後還成為一家劇團—張伯倫勛爵劇團（The Lord Chamberlain's Men）的合夥人。該劇團十分受歡迎，以至於當伊莉莎白一世去世後，詹姆士一世贊助了它，劇團更名為國王劇團（King's Men），而該劇團到了今天已經成為象徵著莎劇最高水準的英國皇家莎士比亞劇院。

現在人們從當時的各種法律文件和商業契約中得知，莎士比亞在倫敦的歲月漸漸變得富有，使得他得以在倫敦的富人區買了一棟房子，還在家鄉斯特拉福鎮擁有一座最大的住宅。

1609年莎士比亞發表了他的十四行詩，其中很多是寫給一個神秘的女人（「Dark Lady」）和一個男人（「Fair Lord」），因此有人相信莎士比亞可能是一位同性戀者。他大約在1611年離開了倫敦和劇壇，從此之後就再也沒有發表重要作品（一般認為他的最後一部劇本是《暴風雨》），直到1616年去世。一個常被提到的巧合是，他與同時代的另一個西班牙大文豪賽凡提斯死在同一天。實際上這是不對的。因為西班牙當時已經採用格里曆，賽凡提斯於格里曆4月23日去世。而英國一直採用儒略曆，儒略曆的4月23日實際上是格里曆的5月3日。所以兩人並非在同一天去世。

威廉·莎士比亞（William Shakespeare，1564年4月－儒略曆1616年4月23日或格里曆1616年5月3日，華人社會亦常尊稱為莎翁），被許多人認為是英國文學史和戲劇史上最傑出的詩人和劇作家。同樣是西方文藝史上最傑出的作家之一。全世界卓越的劇作家之一。他一生共創作了三十八部劇本，和一百五十四首十四行詩。他不但創作了許多最催人淚下的悲劇，他的很多出喜劇也是在英國舞臺上曾經上演過的所有戲劇中最引人發笑的。此外他還寫過154首十四行詩和幾首長詩歌，這些詩歌不只是單純的敘述，而能觸及人類本性中最深層的部分，因此被很多人認為是英國文學史上的佳作。一般相信，莎士比亞的創作高峰期是在1585年到1610年這段時間內，但是確切的日期我們已經無法知曉。他的很多作品都是在倫敦的「環球劇場」上演的，在1613年劇場被焚毀，現已重建。

the life of william shakespeare
William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, a successful glover and alderman originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised on 26 April 1564. His unknown birthday is traditionally observed on 23 April, St George's Day. This date, which can be traced back to an eighteenth-century scholar's mistake, has proved appealing because Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616. He was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son.

After the birth of the twins, there are few historical traces of Shakespeare until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. Because of this gap, scholars refer to the years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years". Biographers attempting to account for this period have reported many apocryphal stories. Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare’s first biographer, recounted a Stratford legend that Shakespeare fled the town for London to escape prosecution for deer poaching. Another eighteenth-century story has Shakespeare starting his theatrical career minding the horses of theatre patrons in London. John Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had been a country schoolmaster. Some twentieth-century scholars have suggested that Shakespeare may have been employed as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will. No evidence substantiates such stories other than hearsay collected after his death