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Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

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Edison, Thomas Alva, 1847–1931, American inventor, b. Milan, Ohio. A genius in the practical application of scientific principles, Edison was one of the greatest and most productive inventors of his time, but his formal schooling was limited to three months in Port Huron, Mich., in 1854. For several years he was a newsboy on the Grand Trunk RR, and it was during this period that he began to suffer from deafness, which was to increase throughout his life. He later worked as a telegraph operator in various cities.

Edison's first inventions were the transmitter and receiver for the automatic telegraph, the quadruplex system of transmitting four simultaneous messages, and an improved stock-ticker system. In 1877 he invented the carbon telephone transmitter (see microphone) for the Western Union Telegraph Company. His phonograph (patented 1878) was notable as the first successful instrument of its kind.

In 1879, Edison created the first commercially practical incandescent lamp (with a carbon filament). For use with it he developed a complete electrical distribution system for light and power, including generators, motors, light sockets with the Edison base, junction boxes, safety fuses, underground conductors, and other devices. The crowning achievement of his work in this field was the Pearl St. plant (1881–82) in New York City, the first permanent central electric-light power plant in the world. He also built and operated (1880) an experimental electric railroad, and produced a superior storage battery of iron and nickel with an alkaline electrolyte.

Other significant inventions include the Kinetoscope, or peep-show machine. Edison later demonstrated experimentally the synchronization of motion pictures and sound, and talking pictures were based on this work. During World War I he helped to develop the manufacture in the United States of chemicals previously imported; he also served as head of the U.S. navy consulting board concerned with ship defenses against torpedoes and mines. Edison later worked on the production of rubber from American plants, notably goldenrod.

Edison held over 1,300 U.S. and foreign patents, and his workshops at Menlo Park (1876) and West Orange, N.J. (1887), were significant as forerunners of the modern industrial research laboratory in which teams of workers, rather than a lone inventor, systematically investigate a given subject. An Edison memorial tower and light was erected (1938) in Menlo Park, N.J.; Edison's laboratory and other buildings associated with his career are preserved or replicated in Greenfield Village. Some of his various companies were consolidated to form the General Electric Company (GE).

湯瑪斯·阿爾瓦·愛迪生（Thomas Alva Edison，1847年2月11日－1931年10月18日），美國發明家、商人，一位開發出很多重要裝置的人。被報紙記者授予『門洛帕克的奇才』的稱號，他是世界上第一個發明家利用大量生產原則和其工業研究實驗室來生產發明物。愛迪生被視為當代發明最多產物的人，擁有1093項專利登計在他名下。大部分的發明物並不具原創性，而是對一些其他的專利進行改良，且事實上許多都是由他眾多的員工發明的。因此，愛迪生常受到未分享這些功勞的批評。然而，愛迪生得到不少國家的專利，包括美國、英國、法國和德國等。1892年創立通用電器公司（General Electric），即後來的美國第一大公司：奇異公司，共擁有包括愛迪生1093項專利的24414項專利。1908年，愛迪生創立「Motion Picture Patents Company（一般所知為Edison Trust）」，一家由九個主要電影工作室組成的企業集團。





1900年代初期，愛迪生在佛羅里達州的福梅爾買了一間當作避寒的別墅。汽車巨頭亨利·福特，就住在這間別墅的對面。他也是愛迪生的好朋友。「Edison and Ford Winter Estates」目前開放給大眾參觀。