我想問下係咩情況下眾數係加es

Ch. 3Common nouns, number of nouns, singular and plural

Singular (單數)Plural (眾數 = 多過一個) (one and a half hours)

有規則變法

1.在名詞後加”s”

a girltwo girlsa monkeytwo monkeys
a pupiltwo pupilsa booktwo books
a lessontwo lessonsa gametwo games

2.逢 s, x, ch, sh, z 字尾加 “es”

a glasstwo glassesa churchtwo churches
a boxtwo boxesa dishtwo dishes
an axtwo axesan adztwo adzes (扁斧)

注意:church = soft sound “廚” 音
school = hard sound “k” 音
逢讀 “k” 音的 “ch” 則只加 “s”, example:
patriarchpatriarchs (族長)
monarchmonarchs

注意:fish = 一種魚, 無眾數fishes = 多種魚
people = 一種人peoples = 多種人類

3.逢字尾 f, fe 時, cancel the “f, fe” and add “ves”

a leaftwo leavesa knifetwo knives
a calftwo calvesa thieftwo thieves

注意:以下是例外, 只加 “s”

chief (領袖)handkerchief (手巾)belief (信條)
hoofroofproof (校樣)
safegulf (海灣)strife (爭鬥)

注意:字尾為 ff 及 rf 而前面之元音又是短音, 則只加 “s”

cuff (袖口)cliff (懸崖)muff (用毛皮做的暖手筒)
dwarf (矮子)scarf (圍巾)wharf (碼頭)

4.逢字尾 y 字時, y 字之前為輔音, 將 y 轉 i, 再加 “es”

citycitiesladyladies
babybabiesflyflies

5.逢字尾 y 字時, y 字之前為元音, 則只加 “s”

toytoysdaydays
boyboysmonkeymonkeys
valleyvalleysturkeyturkeys

6.逢字尾 o 字時, 而 o 字之前是輔音時, 加 “es”

potatopotatoesnegronegroes
tomatotomatoesmosquitomosquitoes
volcanovolcanoesheroheroes

7.逢字尾 o 字時, 而 o 字之前是元音時 (io, eo, yo, oo), 加 “s”

bamboobamboosradioradios
portfolioportfoliosembryoembryos (胚胎)
pianopianossolosolos (音樂器具也只加 “s”)

8.逢字尾為 “is” 時, 將 “is” 轉為 “es”

crisiscrises (危機)axisaxes (軸心)
basisbases (基礎)parenthesisparentheses (括弧號)

9.合併字則加 “s” 於最主要之字上

son-in-lawsons-in-lawpasser-bypassers-by
father-in-lawfathers-in-lawstep-sonstep-sons
commander-in-chiefcommanders-in-chief

10.逢 A, B, C (letters)/ 1, 2, 3 (numbers)/ +, -, x (signs) 則加 [‘s]

Mind your p’s and q’s.
Make the +’s and –‘s larger.
Dot the i’s and cross the t’s.
Your a’s and o’s look too much alike.
Don’t start your sentences with well’s.

1980’s = 1980s = 1980 to 1989

11.無規則變法

manmenwomanwomen
footfeettoothteeth
goosegeesemousemice
louseliceoxoxen
childchildren

12.無眾數

sheepdeerdozenscore (60)salmontrout (鱒魚)

s,ss,sh ch,x,o & z 要加es
(我miss講過一個故事:兩個笨小偷入咗一間屋偷嘢,見到係大酒莊,其中一個笨小偷開心到大叫,另一個笨小偷提佢立叫（鼠）- 音s,ss,sh ch, 兩個笨小偷飲咗x,o,隨即睡覺(zzz))
　

2007-11-30 21:11:55 補充：
另一個笨小偷把提佢叫（薯 ) - 即 sh音

When the last letter of a singular countable noun is 's', then the plural of the noun is adding 'es'.

e.g. recess -> recesses
class -> classes

If the last letter of a singular countable noun is 'e', then the plural is still 'es', but it is actually just adding 's'.

e.g. tape -> tapes

Of course there are always exception, there are some countable nouns that come from Latin, Greek, or some other foreign languages do not form plural by adding 's' or 'es'.

e.g. child -> children
goose -> geese
moose -> moose (same)
phenomenon -> phenomena
bureau -> bureaux or bureaus