✔ 最佳答案
The microwave range includes ultra-high frequency (UHF) (0.3–3 GHz), super high frequency (SHF) (3–30 GHz), and extremely high frequency (EHF) (30–300 GHz) signals.
Above 300 GHz, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by Earth's atmosphere is so great that it is effectively opaque, until the atmosphere becomes transparent again in the so-called infrared and optical window frequency ranges.
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than one meter and longer than one millimeter, or frequencies between 300 megahertz and 300 gigahertz. (UHF, SHF, EHF) It is noteworthy that U.S. Military and IEEE definitions differ on mmW (millimeter wave) definition, which is a subdivision of Pozar's microwave definition of 300MHz to 300GHz (some define it as 300MHz to 30GHz). The IEEE defines mmW as 110GHz to 300GHz while military radar definitions use 30-300GHz for the mmW band.
The name suggests a micrometer wavelength. However, the boundaries between far infrared light, terahertz radiation, microwaves, and ultra-high-frequency radio waves are fairly arbitrary and are used variously between different fields of study. The term microwave generally refers to "alternating current signals with frequencies between 300 MHz (3×10^8 Hz) and 300 GHz (3×10^11 Hz)." (UHF, SHF, EHF) However, both IEC standard 60050 and IEEE standard 100 define "microwave" frequencies starting at 1 GHz (30 cm wavelength).
Electromagnetic waves longer (lower frequency) than microwaves are called "radio waves". Electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths may be called "millimeter waves", terahertz radiation or even T-rays.
2007-11-27 07:24:28 補充:
微波是頻率在300兆赫到300千兆赫的電磁波(波長1米 - 1毫米),通常是作為資訊傳遞而用於雷達、通訊技術中。而近代應用中又將它擴展為一種新能源,在工農業上用作加熱、乾燥;在化學工業中催使化學反應;在科研中激發等離子體等。家用微波爐就是微波能應用的一個典型例子。
2007-11-27 07:30:32 補充:
通常,一些介質材料由極性分子和非極性分子組成,在微波電磁場作用下,極性分子從原來的熱運動狀態轉向依照電磁場的方向交變而排列取向。產生類似摩擦熱,在這一微觀過程中交變電磁場的能量轉化為介質內的熱能,使介質溫度出現宏觀上的升高,這就是對微波加熱最通俗的解釋。 由此可見微波加熱是介質材料自身損耗電磁場能量而發熱。對於金屬材料,電磁場不能透入內部而是被反射出來,所以金屬材料不能吸收微波。水是吸收微波最好的介質,所以凡含水的物質必定吸收微波。
2007-11-27 07:39:28 補充:
微波加熱的特點1、加熱速度快2、均勻加熱3、節能高效4、易於控制5、低溫殺菌、無污染6、選擇性加熱7、比較傳統加熱方式更安全無害微波可以是用微波爐煮食的簡稱。