減息和加息一般來說對經濟有什麼影響

Interest rates cut normally will expand the economy as people cost less to borrow money from the banks, they will invest more in the economy. On top of that, people will consume more as interest yields from deposits lower, thus opportunity cost becomes smaller hence they will consume more. These 2 effects will expand the economy.
Conversely, interest rates rise will contract the economy as people will borrow less from banks thus reducing investments. However, people will deposit more into banks and defer consumption. These 2 effects will slow down the economy.