莫洛托夫燃燒瓶

很遺憾樓上的英文答案是錯誤的，莫洛托夫雞尾酒的名稱來源於1939-1940年的蘇芬戰爭（又稱冬季戰爭）。
面對蘇聯的侵略，芬蘭人打得相當堅強，他們無論兵力和裝備都劣於蘇軍，尤其是坦克，因此芬蘭人（甚至包括芬蘭共產黨）製造了大量燃燒瓶裝備步兵，此時芬蘭人便將燃燒瓶稱爲“Molotov Cocktail”，用來招待坦克。
在戰場激戰的同時，輿論戰也相當激烈，莫羅托夫作爲外交人民委員，當然要廣造輿論，顛倒黑白聲稱蘇聯的正義。其中一個廣爲人知的例子是當蘇聯轟炸了芬蘭城市後（當時世界輿論認爲轟炸平民與城市是令人不齒的），羅斯福總統派特使質詢蘇聯，外交人民委員莫羅托夫聲稱“蘇聯轟炸機從來沒有也永遠不會轟炸芬蘭城市”，又聲稱“蘇聯轟炸機在芬蘭城市上空的確執行了任務，但他們是“在向貧苦的芬蘭人民投擲麵包”！
當然，隨後蘇聯投擲的燃燒彈就被稱爲“莫羅托夫麵包籃”。
同時西方輿論也站在芬蘭一邊，因此“莫洛托夫雞尾酒”這一芬蘭人對燃燒瓶的稱呼也廣爲人知。
而燃燒彈，據稱是在西班牙内戰時由共和軍一方發明的（蘇聯所支援的一方）。

2007-11-01 09:02:11 補充：
有個地方寫錯了，最後一句：“燃燒彈”應作”燃燒瓶”。

2007-11-01 21:06:26 補充：
針對樓下的錯誤陳述進行糾正：燃燒瓶對抗坦克時，投擲的目標是坦克後方的發動機上部。通常坦克駛過步兵隱藏的戰壕或工事之後，步兵探出戰壕向駛過的坦克後方投擲。燃燒的汽油通過發動機的通風口滲入發動機艙内部造成坦克起火。而坦克任何部分起火對於成員都是不可忍受的，必須立刻棄車。所謂“外掛油缸”和“從外面被打開”是想當然爾，姑且不論蘇軍的作戰條例規定作戰時要拆下這些油箱，實戰中步兵也絕無這些“打開外掛油缸”的時間。用“擲石器”投擲攻擊移動中的坦克也是不可能的，想象一下就知道。

i write in english (faster than chinese) , hope you understand my broken english. :)
in world war 2 , nazi german army invade soviet union, that was a hard time
for soviet. at that time. german army was near Leningrad ,kiev ,and went straight to Moscow. those retreating soviet army were loss most of their fire arm.
One day Molotov visit a army in Moscow, those men complain to Molotov about lack of rifle. The leader said to Molotov " we only have one rifle for every five men. Please give us more supply." Mololotov knew the situtation that there are no more supply, he said to the leader "no rifle, tell them to use bottle to fight."
after that, those defender start to use a bottle fill with flammabe liquid. hide in the ruins, wait the German tank drive pass them. then, suddenly raise up behind the tank and push the bottle into the tank's exhaust pipe. if lucky ,the liquid will burn out, the fire will follow the liquid flow into the tank engine and distroy the tank engine. but that person will be immediately shoot to death by the follow german tank or german troops. several ten-thousand russian lost their life in this way in defending Moscow.